Special Poverty Alleviation – Key Work

　　【Preparation and introduction of the "Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China's Rural Areas (2011-2020)"】

　　The "Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China's Rural Areas (2011-2020)" (hereinafter the "Outline") is the third programmatic document on the cause of poverty alleviation and development in China after the implementation of the "Seven-year Priority Poverty Alleviation Program (1994-2010)" and the "Outline for Poverty Alleviation and Development of China's Rural Areas (2001-2010)".

　　With the realization of the goals of the "Outline for Poverty Alleviation and Development of China's Rural Areas (2001-2010)" and the development of the cause of poverty alleviation, we need to study and put forward the general idea, key tasks and policy measures for further intensifying the anti-poverty work according to the new situation and new tasks. Beginning in 2009, the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development (hereinafter referred to as the Leading Group on Poverty Alleviation) organized a series of research and proposed to improve the national poverty reduction strategy and policy system under the new situation. In February 2010, the 101th executive meeting of the State Council listened to the report on anti-poverty work and determined to formulate the outline for the poverty alleviation and development in the next decade, promoting poverty alleviation and development to a new stage.

　　The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the formulation of the new outline. Secretary-General Hu Jintao personally presided over the executive meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, listened to the report on the preparation of the outline, studied relevant major issues and made the macro decisions. Premier Wen Jiabao chaired the 101th and 149th executive meetings of the State Council, studied the formulation of major policies and listened to a number of special reports. Vice Premier Hui Liangyu presided over a few meetings of difference ranges and personally gave guidance on addressing the key problems in the outline drafting.

　　Relevant departments under the State Council actively cooperated in the work. Since March 2010, within 15 months, the Office of the Central Leading Group on Rural Work, Policy Research Office, CCCPC, Research Office of the State Council and member units of the Leading Group arranged specialized personnel to get involved in the drafting work, and relevant provincial poverty alleviation departments also participated in the preparation of the outline. In the process of the document drafting and opinion solicitation on relevant topics, the member units of the Leading Group provided strong support and joined the study of the objectives and tasks, industrial measures and security policies sentence by sentence.

　　The Party Leadership Group of the Poverty Alleviation Office took the drafting of the document as the main work and key task for 2010 and 2011. Relevant leaders personally made the deployment and organized relevant parties to participate in the work. At every critical moment in the outline drafting, the Party Leadership Group timely listened to the relevant reports and studied for solutions for outstanding problems.

　　Under the loving care of the CPC Central Committee, with support of the relevant departments and local governments, we successfully completed the preparation of the outline. Upon the completion of the draft of the “Outline” and the relevant sessions, the LGOP sought the views of the leaders of 32 member units of the Leading Group and other relevant departments, as well as the prefecture and county-level government departments of 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and some poverty-stricken areas, sought the opinions of the advisory committee of the Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation many times and revised the draft 14 times. On February 9, 2011, Premier Wen Jiabao listened to a special report and made ​​important instructions. On March 2, the plenary meeting of the Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation discussed the “Outline (draft)”. On March 30, the 149th executive meeting of the State Council discussed and approved in principle the “Outline (draft)”. On April 7, the 150th session of the executive meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of CPC discussed and approved in principle the “Outline (draft for examination)”. On April 26, the 40th meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of CPC discussed and approved in principle the “Outline (draft for examination)” and asked the Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation to revise the document according to the spirit of the conference and then have it printed in the name of the Central Committee of CPC and the State Council.

　　As pointed out by the “Notice of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the Issuance of the ‘Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020)’”, the “Outline” is a programmatic document for the poverty alleviation and development work in the next period of time. The formulation and implementation of the “Outline” is the inevitable requirement for the in-depth implementation of the scientific outlook on development, an important manifestation of the guideline of people first and governing for the people and a major initiative to balance the development in urban and rural areas, protect and improve the livelihood of the people, narrow the development gap and help the people share the outcomes of reform. It is of great significance to consolidating the party's base, ensuring the stability of the state and achieving the goal of building a moderately prosperous society and a socialist harmonious society.

　　(Department of Policy and Regulation, LGOP)

　　【Ex-situ anti-poverty relocation】 In 2011, provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) independently organized the ex-situ anti-poverty relocation work on a voluntary basis according to the principle of scientific planning. According to statistics, a total of 190,000 households and 780,000 people were relocated. The central government issued financial anti-poverty funds of 1.5 billion Yuan and local governments issued anti-poverty funds of 1.6 billion Yuan, averagely 3947 Yuan per person.

　　(Department of Development and Guidance, LGOP)

　　【Entire village advancement】  1. Implementation  In 2011, entire village advancement project was launched in 27,000 impoverished villages of 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country, including 9,000 poor villages covered by the “12th Five-Year Plan” for national poverty alleviation and development through entire village advancement. A total of 43.7 billion Yuan was put in the 27,000 poverty-stricken villages, of which 16.4 billion Yuan was financial anti-poverty funds, 19.1 billion Yuan was integrated department funds and 8.2 billion Yuan was other funds, averagely 1.62 million Yuan for each village. A total of 21.6 billion Yuan was invested to the 9,000 poor villages covered by national planning, of which 8.5 billion Yuan was financial anti-poverty funds, 9.2 billion Yuan was integrated department funds and 3.9 billion Yuan was other funds, averagely 2.4 million Yuan for each village.

2. Preparation of the planning  In 2011, we comprehensively launched the preparation of the “12th Five-Year Plan” for national poverty alleviation and development through entire village advancement, determined the location of the 30,000 poor villages covered by the planning and completed the drafting of the national planning jointly with 11 planning development units.

　　(Department of Development and Guidance, LGOP)

　　【Industrial poverty alleviation】  Industrial poverty alleviation is an important part of the special poverty alleviation work and a main way to enhance the self-development capacity of the poor and lift the poor out of poverty. The "Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020)" clearly puts forward that the government will "promote utilization of advanced and practical agro-techniques, nurture specialty and pillar industries, and advance tourism-backed poverty reduction programs. While doing so, it will give full play to the ecological environment and natural resource advantages of poverty-stricken areas. It will endeavor to promote industrial restructuring; help poor households develop production through leading enterprises, farmers’ specialty cooperatives and mutual fund organizations; and guide and encourage enterprises to invest in poor areas so as to help poor rural households increase their income. The industrial poverty alleviation in the new stage should focus on the following aspects: First, give guidance to local governments on scientific formulation of the development planning of competitive industries for poverty alleviation. Second, actively support and promote the development of rural small and micro enterprises. Third, vigorously develop specialized cooperatives and other intermediary organizations. Fourth, further strengthen the construction of poverty alleviation industry base. Fifth, strengthen the support of financial institutions for industrial development. Sixth, mainly support the key links and fields for industrial development.

　　【Pilot project of development of contiguous poor areas】 The pilot project of “county-based entire village advancement and contiguous development through fund integration” (hereinafter referred to the pilot project of contiguous development) is a major policy innovation for industrial poverty alleviation during the “11th Five-Year Plan” period. In 2011, the LGOP and the Ministry of Finance continued to launch the pilot projects in 100 counties of 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country. The central government invested 500 million Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds and the pilot projects covered 1700 villages of 379 towns, of which 1361 are impoverished villages. It supported the income generation industries of 460,000 rural households, of which 210,000 were poor households. The pilot work of contiguous development in 2011 mainly has the following characteristics: First, focus on the development of competitive featured industries based on local situations; Second, take income growth for poverty reduction as the primary goal; Third, highlight the main work and support the key links and fields for industrial development.

　　(Department of Development and Guidance, LGOP)

　　【Rain Plan】 In 2011, in accordance with the requirements of the “Poverty Alleviation and Development Outline” and the deployments of the Party Leadership Group, in the implementation of the Rain Plan, we increased efforts on investigation and research, adjusted the working idea, strengthened the reform and enriched our work connotation. According to incomplete statistics, a total of some 1.5 billion Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds was invested by government at all levels the whole year, of which 150 million Yuan was subsidies for the reform of the implementation plan, used for 218800 senior vocational school students from needy families; 1.06 billion Yuan was used for labor transfer training of 1.1 million people; 210 million Yuan was allocated for agricultural practical skills training of 1.4 million person-times, and 80 million Yuan for the training of 102,000 village cadres and the leaders for becoming rich.

　　I.Reform of the Implementation Program of the Rain Plan

　　Based on the serious summing up of the pilot work in 2010, on April 25, 2011, the LGOP and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "Circular Concerning the Pilot Work of Improving the Implementation Program of Rain Plan", which made appropriate adjustments to the pilot policy for the 2011-2012 academic year, raised the subsidy standard for pilot area from 1000 Yuan per person in the previous academic year to the current 1500 Yuan per person and expanded the pilot area to 100 counties of 21 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the program planned to provide subsidies of 320 million Yuan for a total of 214,286 people. In fact, a total of 198,616 people were subsidized and the actual subsidy amount was 297,924,000 Yuan, accounting for 93% of the overall plan. The number of the people receiving subsidies in 16 provinces was more than 90% of the estimated figure. 70 counties of 15 provinces have completed the issuance of subsidies, and 27 counties of 5 provinces have completed the identification of objects of subsidies and are now issuing the subsidies.

　　II. Pilot work of the “Rain Plan”

　　（I）Continue to implement the “Rain Plan ·Takeoff Project”

　　In 2011, as the sponsors, the LGOP and the All-China Women’s Federation jointly carried out the “Rain Plan · Takeoff Project – Action of Ten Thousand Applied Talents to Assist Impoverished Students in the Central and Western Regions”. Changsha International Vocational Education Group is the undertaking unit of the activity. The project is mainly implemented in impoverished regions and plans to recruit some 10,000 junior and senior middle school students to receive 2-3-year vocational education in Changsha International Vocational Education Group. All the students will be exempted from tuition and fees as well as lodging fee, and will receive 1500 Yuan of grain-in-aid every academic year as well as the relevant subsidies of the “Rain Plan”.

　　（II）Launch the pilot work of “Rain Plan for Guizhou and Shenzhen”

　　Under the reform framework of the implementation program of the Rain Plan, in 2011, we issued the “Circular Concerning the Implementation of Pilot Work for ‘Rain Plan for Guizhou and Shenzhen’”. Relying on the counterpart support for anti-poverty work, under the premise of the win-win situation, on a voluntary basis, the government selected about 500 children from needy families in Weining, Nayong and Dafang County of Guizhou Province to receive secondary vocational education in Shenzhen, who can enjoy the relevant subsidies for vocational education from the state and Shenzhen government. After completing their study, the students will be recommended to work in Shenzhen.

　　III. Hold trainings of cadres and leaders for becoming rich in impoverished villages

　　Four trainings of cadres and leaders for becoming rich in impoverished villages were organized in 2011 for 200 person-times. A number of leaders and experts were invited to deliver lectures on how to strengthen the capacity building of rural practical talents on the trainings and conduct exchanges and discussions. Field visits were also organized. The training courses included not only introduction of experience but also lectures on expertise, not only study but also group discussion, not only lectures but also field visits, rich in content and flexible in form, welcomed by the trainees.

　　(Department of Policy and Regulation, LGOP)

　　【Construction of old revolutionary base areas】 In 2011, the central government further increased lottery funds to support the pilot work of entire village advancement in impoverished old revolutionary base areas and allocated a total of 525 million Yuan of central lottery funds for the entire village advancement of 351 poverty-stricken villages of 35 impoverished old revolutionary base counties in 19 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). The 35 pilot counties will, according to the plan, integrate a total of 900 million Yuan of funds, 1.72 times the central lottery funds. The program will cover 3321 infrastructure construction projects, 6518 environmental and public services projects and 1438 industrial development projects, and will set up 102 village-level mutual fund organizations.

　　In March 2011, the LGOP convened the “Working Conference on the Entire Village Advancement in Impoverished Old Revolutionary Base Areas with Support of Central Lottery Funds” and made deployments for central lottery funds to support the entire village advancement work in old revolutionary base areas in the next five years.

　　(Department of Development and Guidance, LGOP)

　　【Pilot projects of poverty alleviation in contiguous poor areas with special difficulties】

1. Pilot projects of poverty alleviation and development and integrated control of Kashin-Beck disease in Aba Prefecture of Sichuan

2011  is the fourth year for the implementation of pilot projects in Aba Prefecture for poverty alleviation and development and integrated control of Kashin-Beck disease (hereinafter pilot projects in Aba). The following main work was done:

　　First, hold the conference of the Leading Group on pilot work. On April 2, Jiang Jufeng, Governor and Deputy Party Secretary of Sichuan Province and the Head of the Leading Group for Pilot Work in Aba Prefecture presided over the plenary session of the Leading Group. Zhong Mian, Member of the Standing Party Committee and Vice-governor of Sichuan Province as well as the deputy head of the Leading Group and other members of the Leading Group attended the event. Relevant representatives from Aba Prefecture government and the Poverty Alleviation and Resettlement Bureau of Sichuan Province respectively delivered a report on the pilot work done in 2010. The conference announced the assessment results of the objective management of relevant departments of the pilot provinces, reviewed the interim assessment report on the pilot work and made deployments on the work for 2011 and the future.

　　Second, conduct interim assessment on the pilot work. In June, the relevant experts of the leading group conducted the preliminary assessment on the pilot work in Aba Prefecture and prepared the “Summary Report on the Interim Assessment of the Pilot Work of Poverty Alleviation and Development and Integrated Control of Kashin-Beck Disease in Aba Prefecture of Sichuan Province” and 12 interim assessment reports. In mid-September, the Office of Coordination Group for the Pilot Work of Aba Prefecture invited ten experts including Lu Xueyi to seriously review the interim assessment reports of the pilot work, approved in principle the interim assessment reports and highly praised the initial results achieved by the pilot work.

　　Third, capital investment and allocation. In 2011, 622 million Yuan of funds was allocated for the pilot work in Aba, of which 334 million Yuan was financial anti-poverty funds from the central government, 150 million Yuan was fiscal budget funds of the central government, 100% of the planned amount; and 138 million Yuan was provincial matching funds, 94.53% of the planned figure.

 

2. Pilot projects of poverty alleviation and development as well as AIDS control in the big and small Liangshan of Sichuan Province

　　In 2011, the pilot work of poverty alleviation and development as well as AIDS control in the big and small Liangshan of Sichuan Province (hereinafter pilot work in Liangshan) was comprehensively launched. Smooth progress was made and good results were achieved.

(1)  Capital investment for pilot work. A total of 4.991 billion Yuan was invested, accounting for 111.6% of the total planned investment, of which 1.888 billion Yuan was financial funds from the central government, accounting for 128.6% of the planned investment; 929 million Yuan was provincial matching funds, 134.2% of the planned investment, 357 million Yuan was integrated by relevant cities, counties and the prefecture, 28.5% of the planned investment, 1.836 billion Yuan was raised by rural households, 129.3% of the planned investment, and 523 million Yuan was credit loans and other funds, 186.2% of the planned investment.

(2)  Project construction. In 2011, all the ten pilot projects in Liangshan were launched. “Construction of New Yi Village”: Completed housing construction for 18308 rural households, solved the safe drinking water problem of 91400 people, built 4652 rural biogas digesters and 49 rubbish treatment tanks, and completed the environmental greening for 6777 rural households and the construction of village clinics of 2700 square meters and 352 reading rooms for farmers. “Industrial development”: Set up and rebuilt 40 standardized farming communities in Liangshan Prefecture, including 29 newly built communities for the standardized breeding of live pigs, two beef cattle farming communities and nine standardized sheep farming district; Set up 17 standardized farming communities in Leshan City and established organic egg bases for 200 households. "Sanitation": The town hospital employed 30 medical practitioners, 50 medical students received free training and continued their study in university, 100 general practitioners were trained for job transfer, 12053 rural pregnant and lying-in women received subsidies for child delivery, and methadone maintenance treatment service was provided for 8227 patients in Yi nationality district. "Narcotics control and drug treatment": Allocated provincial anti-drug funds of 3.38 million Yuan, of which 980,000 Yuan was for Leshan City and 2.4 million Yuan for Liangshan Prefecture, mainly used for the dynamic management of drug addicts, drug source blocking, anti-drug crackdown, anti-drug intelligence informatization construction, drug treatment and drug detoxification and prevention education. "Education": Started the construction of 26 project schools (four completed, 22 being built), made preparation for the construction of 19 schools, completed the purchase of teaching equipment, books and relevant materials valued 4.8 million Yuan, completed the training of 800 lectures, launched the construction of turnover dormitory for teachers of 13 schools (2 completed and 11 being built), provided living allowance for 136,994 boarding students and provided free beddings for 3183 new boarding students, invested 19.8 million Yuan to construct infrastructure of 32668 square meters for capacity building of vocational education. 10,984 vocational students were exempted from tuition and 8924 secondary vocational students received cost-of-living subsidy. "Labor development": organized rural labor transfer trainings for 8555 person-times, labor brand trainings for 2600 person-times and trainings of poverty reduction by labor service for 3773 person-times. "Transportation construction": Built village concrete (asphalt) roads of 100 km for the contiguous poor areas in Leshan with a total investment of 60 million Yuan; built town concrete (asphalt) roads of 115.8 km, village highroads of 378.6 km and village concrete (asphalt) roads of 31.9 km for the contiguous poor areas in Liangshan Prefecture with a total investment of 248.52 million Yuan. Inveted 37 million Yuan to build the part between Boluo Bridge and Youshiyan of 13.5 km of the S103 Highway. "Water Conservancy": Invested 4.62 million Yuan for the reinforcement of Caojiapo Reservoir, put in 63.79 million Yuan to newly build dike projects of 16 km, allocated 87.89 million Yuan of funds for the construction of 257 drinking water safety projects for rural residents to solve the drinking water safety problem of 115,000 people, invested 14 million Yuan to control the soil erosion of 40 square kilometers, allocated 600 million Yuan for the building and reconstruction of power installed capacity of 31,000 kw; set up 35 kv substations of 8200 kv.A with power transmission line of 31 km; 10 kv substations of 2580 kv.A with power transmission line of 154 km, and 0.4 kv low-voltage power transmission line of 270 km. "Social security": Allocated 438,680,000 Yuan of funds for the implementation of the rural minimum living security system and the urban and rural medical assistance system, invested 5.5 million Yuan for the construction of nursing homes in rural areas, and put in 8 million Yuan for the construction of the welfare center project. "Modern civilization publicity and education": Implemented 30.607 rural public movie projects. The 79 rural reading-room projects in Leshan City have all been completed and opened, most of the 727 projects in Liangshan Prefecture have been completed, and constructed cultural facilities with an investment of 5.59 million Yuan.

3、 Pilot projects of overhead cable transformation in Tibet

(1)  Capital investment: The central government issued special funds of 90 million Yuan for the overhead transformation, approved the construction of 21 projects of transforming overhead cables into bridges, including one in Shigatse, ten in Changdu and ten in Naqu. So far, the investment for the 84 projects of overhead cable transformation in Tibet Autonomous Region has been fully issued, amounting to 240.8544 million Yuan, of which 233 million Yuan was special financial funds from the central government, 5.9664 million Yuan was matching funds of Tibet and 1.888 million Yuan was labor inputs of the masses.

(2)  Project construction: As of the end of 2011, Tibet had completed 63 projects of overhead cable transformation, including four in Shigatse, six in Linzhi, 47 in Changdu and six in Naqu. 21 bridges are being built, of which one is in Shigatse, five in Linzhi, nine in Changdu and six in Naqu. The completed 63 projects have achieved initial results, effectively improving the traveling conditions of 31861 farmers and herdsmen of 5058 households in the project area and achieving smooth travel aspiration of local residents.

4. Pilot project of poverty alleviation by industrialization of cashmere goat breeding in Qingyang City, Gansu Province

　　In December 2009, the LGOP determined to launch pilot poverty alleviation project by industrialization of cashmere goat breeding in Huan County, Huachi and Qingcheng County of Qingyang City. In the past two years since the project implementation, to increase income of the poor, we successfully completed the pilot work through the introduction of improved cashmere goats and improved rams, the support of industrialization organizations, technical trainings and matching facility construction.

(1)  Capital investment: As of the end of 2011, a total of 92.583 million Yuan had been issued for the implementation of the pilot project, accounting for 163% of the planned investment of 56.6 million Yuan, of which 20 million Yuan was national special funds for pilot work, 10 million Yuan was financial matching funds, 16 million Yuan was from municipal governments, 4.2 million Yuan was from county governments, 12.865 million Yuan was project funds of various departments, 18.546 million Yuan was raised by the masses and 10.972 million Yuan was donations of all circles of society. Annual investment: Put in 53.896 million Yuan in 2010 and 38.687 million Yuan in 2011.

(2)  Project construction and completion: The pilot project bred a total of 62473 cashmere goats in the two years and is now breeding 138823 cashmere goats. The total revenue was 58.304 million Yuan and the new income per household was 3458.1 Yuan. In 2010, it provided 48,810 cashmere goats (10,000 rams, 38750 basic ewes and 60 improved rams) to support 10,000 impoverished households and 61,320 goats were bred. The breeding rate was 158% and there were 110,130 cashmere goats on the farm. The total revenue was 53.166 million Yuan and the net income per household was 5316.6 Yuan. In 2011, it provided 27,540 cashmere goats (6860 rams, 20580 ewes and 100 improved rams) to support 6860 impoverished households and 1153 goats were bred. The breeding rate was 5.6% and there were 28693 cashmere goats on the farm. The total revenue was 5.138 million Yuan and the net income per household was 749 Yuan.

5. Pilot projects of poverty alleviation in Shanyao Region of Yao Nationality in Funing County, Yunnan

(1)  Capital investment: As of the end of October 2011, a total of 206.595 million Yuan of anti-poverty funds was allocated to Shanyao Region, accounting for 49% of the total planned investment of 421.6343 million Yuan, of which 20 million Yuan was special anti-poverty funds from the central government, 8.785 million Yuan was provincial and municipal anti-poverty funds, 167.81 million Yuan was matching funds of various departments and 10 million Yuan was raised by the masses in the Prefecture and the county.

(2)  Project construction

　　The infrastructure has been initially improved. Built highroads of 46 km and village roads of 17 km; hardened village roads of 61400 square meters; newly built water pipelines of 125 km for human being and livestock, 759 small water cellars and ditches of 17 km to solve the drinking water problem of 4186 people; completed the rural power grid improvement for 375 households and solved the living electricity problem of 1686 people in Shanyao region, achieving same price and same grid for the masses; and completed the broadcasting and TV project construction for 1606 households of 52 village teams in Shanyao region.

　　Smooth progress has been made in the adequate food and clothing project construction. Newly built houses for 693 households and 120 sets of low-rent housing in small towns; and completed the improvement of 125 kitchens and the construction of basic farmland of 20 mu.

　　Income generation industries were initially cultivated. Developed oil-tea camellia area of 4581 mu, walnut tree planting area of 230 mu, sugar cane area of 4650 mu, pear tree planting area of 200 mu and corn planting area of 380 mu; constructed sheep pens of 1000 square meters for the breeding of 4856 heads of sheep; bred 4730 pigs; held 35 labor transfer trainings for 2610 person-times, transferred 1320 labors, sent more than 830 labors for forest farms and other enterprises, organized 40 scientific and technological trainings for 3012 person-times to further widened the income sources of the masses of Shanyao region.

　　The ecological environment has been effectively protected. Built 313 biogas digesters and completed returning farmland to forestry and closing hillsides for forestry of 320 mu in Shanyao region.

　　The level of basic education has been effectively enhanced. Newly built or repaired the 14 schools involved in the education of children of the masses in Shanyao, newly built teaching buildings and dormitory of 9000 square meters, opened up Shanyao boarding class, recruited 50 Shanyao students and issued subsidies of 391,500 Yuan for the students from impoverished families in Shanyao regions.

　　Full coverage has been achieved for livelihood security. Included Shanyao people into the rural and urban minimum living security system, the new rural cooperative medical system and the medical insurance for urban residents, comprehensively implemented the policy of "two exemptions and one subsidy" for 1698 Shanyao students, and built one Class II nursing home of 670.7 square meters.

6. Pilot poverty alleviation project by industrialization of potato planting in Dingxi of Gansu

　　In 2011, the central government invested Dingxi potato industrialization poverty alleviation pilot special poverty relief funds 10 million yuan, the implementation of 30 key villages in 18 townships in four counties (districts). 16 new the original seed breeding solar greenhouse, the detoxification the plantlet group training room 300 square meters, 400 square meters of hardening shed, potato alpine isolation 3200 acres, alterations atmosphere cold storage two 2000 square meters, the introduction of new varieties of seedlings 400 trees, original species of 4,000,000, transporting seed 1550 tons, 16,000 acres to build a breeding base of 4800, to support poor households, potato planting practical technical training in 2100 people. Through the implementation of the project, given the West potato seed degree effectively improve the average acre yield of 400 kilograms Project household income of 1,000 yuan per capita income of 200 yuan.

　　In 2011, the central government issued 10 million Yuan of special anti-poverty funds for the pilot poverty alleviation project by industrialization of potato planting in Dingxi and the project was launched in 30 key villages of 18 towns in four counties (districts). Newly built 16 solar greenhouses for original seed breeding, detoxification plantlet cultivation rooms of 300 square meters, seedling sheds of 400 square meters and potato alpine isolation area of 3200 mu, rebuilt two air-conditioned cold stores of 2000 square meters, introduced 4 million new kinds of bottled seedlings, 4 million original seeds and 1550 tons of improved species, built Grade I improved seed bases of 16,000 mu, supported 4800 poor households and organized practical potato planting skills trainings for 2100 person-times. Through project implementation, the degree of improved species of potato in Dingxi has been effectively enhanced, the average production per mu reached 400 kg or so, the income growth was more than 1000 Yuan per household and the income growth per capita was about 200 Yuan.

7. Expansion of pilot areas for poverty alleviation in the border area of Aheqi Xinjiang

　　In 2011, according to the overall requirement of “border residents first, giving priority to livelihood protection, and frontier areas”, the pilot project mainly covered four aspects: First, launch the planning and implement the tasks. Formulate and launch the poverty alleviation planning for the two grades of border areas in the autonomous region and 17 counties (cities). Second, innovate the carrier for entire advancement. Take the entire village advancement of frontier impoverished villages as the platform to arrange the project. Third, carry out project supervision and performance evaluation. Implement the monthly report system for the implementation and capital allocation of pilot projects, and strengthen the project supervision and inspection. Fourth, focus on typical areas to promote the overall enhancement. Learning from the pilot poverty alleviation projects in border area of Aheqi, continue to summarize experience and guide the whole region to create new highlights, new models and new patterns.

(1)  The "Planning" was approved and affirmed. Based on the planning for the pilot work in 17 key border counties, the leading group for poverty alleviation in border areas reviewed and approved the “Planning of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the Expansion of Pilot Areas for Poverty Alleviation in Border Areas (2011-2015)”. 8.74 billion Yuan was allocated for the livelihood projects covered by the “Planning”, accounting for 68.8% of the total; 2.27 billion Yuan was issued for industrial projects, accounting for 17.9%; 130 million Yuan for highroad projects, accounting for 1.0%; 1.35 billion Yuan for service projects, accounting for 10.6%, and 220 million Yuan for protection project, accounting for 1.7%. The “Planning” highlights the characteristics of border areas and reflects innovations in project preparation, policy design and evaluation system, becoming a high-level, efficient new starting point for the poverty reduction in border areas and the guideline and action program for the poverty reduction in border areas in the next five years.

(2)  The policy system has been further improved. Promulgated and issued the "Circular Concerning the Expansion of Pilot Area for Poverty Alleviation in Border Regions and Relevant Work”, “Manual for Border Poverty Alleviation Project Application”, “Assignment of Department Tasks for the Expansion of Pilot Area for Poverty Alleviation in Border Regions” and the “Indicator System for the Monitoring and Assessment of Border Poverty Alleviation”, and set up a sound policy system.

(3)  The living conditions of border residents have been improved. Nearly 100 million Yuan was allocated in 2011 for the construction of 36 resettlement housing projects for herdsmen in frontiers areas. So far, it has constructed housing area of 70349 square meters for 895 households in border areas, more than 80 square meters per household.

(4)  Industrial development increased the income of border residents. In 2011, 46.67 million Yuan of anti-poverty funds was issued for the pilot projects, accounting for nearly 30% of the total. It vigorously promoted the implementation of industrial projects, guided border residents to develop planting, breeding and featured forestry and fruit industry to increase sources of income, promoting the rapid economic development in rural areas of 17 key counties (cities) for poverty alleviation in border areas and raising the level of income. The per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen amounted to 4071 Yuan, up 15.6% over the previous year, 3.6 percentage points higher than the regional average. There was a reduction of 17,000 and 76,000 respectively in the number of low-income households and low-income residents, accounting for 105% and 106% of the task respectively. Entire village advancement project was implemented in 57 impoverished villages and the scheduled task was completed.

(5)  The material supply station project played a positive role. In 2011, the government issued 19.89 million Yuan for the construction of ten material supply stations. Most of the projects have been put into operation, covering 52 frontier villages and benefiting 2950 households and 13300 people. It has greatly enhanced the management and material supply capacity of frontier areas.

(6)  Provide guidance for the poverty alleviation in border areas for more good results. On the basis of the pilot work of Aheqi County, the poverty alleviation in Kezhou achieved new innovations, new breakthroughs and new progress in changing farmers into urban residents, labor skills training and labor transfer, Gebi i industry development, land and livestock contracting, featured border culture and the construction of new border villages with a community-based management system. In 2011, the prefecture invested a total of 122 million Yuan in the frontier areas. Yalangqi of Ahe County and Mayidan of Atushi City as well as other new border villages have become the demonstration and model villages in the poverty alleviation of border areas.

8. Pilot projects of poverty alleviation and development in Karst areas of Weining, Guizhou

　　In the two years since the launch of the pilot work in Weining, remarkable achievements have been made in the work, the economy has witnessed rapid growth, key livelihood problems have been resolved, the production and living conditions have been improved and great changes have taken place to the economy and society.

(1)  Carry out the "activity for one thousand cadres to conduct field research and seek views in villages for solutions to people's concerns". Wrote a total of 646 research reports and formulated development planning for 677 counties, towns, villages and sectors (industries) (one county-level overall plan, 31 department plans, 35 township plans and 610 village-level plans).

(2)  Strive for investment of various parties. Strengthened the liaison with the United Front Work Department of CPC Central Committee, the LGOP and other central organs, the Central Committee of Jiusan Society, China Merchants Group, Shenzhen Office of Counterpart Support for Poverty Alleviation and the units appointed to provide counterpart support in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City; strive for strong support and help from various departments at all levels. In the two years, the county invested a total of 5.66 billion Yuan of special funds for the implementation of 1115 pilot projects.

(3)  Strive to improve quality. In the two years, it transferred 230,000 rural surplus labors and organized industrialization skills trainings for 1500 people. With the continuous improvement of the quality of workers, more people have shaken off poverty and become rich relying on labor transfer and labor economy has become a sunrise industry with the strongest competitiveness and the most development potential in the impoverished mountain areas of Weining County, becoming a new growth point for the development of the rural economy.

(4)  Give play to the exemplary role of key villages. In the two years, Xinfei Village of Mezhan Town, Xinzhuang Village of Lushan Town and Yuanmu Village of Dongfeng Town integrated project funds of 35.297 million Yuan for the implementation of 122 infrastructure construction projects and the development of featured industries. The model villages achieved a breakthrough in the family planning work, strengthened the safety production and made steady progress in building a new socialist countryside. As a result, the spirit of the cadres and masses has taken on a new look, the production and living conditions of farmers have been significantly improved and the demonstration effect is obvious.

　　(Department of Development and Guidance, LGOP)

　　【Cadre training in poor areas】  In 2011, the LGOP organized a total of 18 trainings of party and government leaders and poverty relief cadres for 1904 person-times and successfully completed the cadre training task.

　　I. Main work of cadre training

　　（I）Organize trainings in accordance with the requirements of the “Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction”

　　Based on the poverty reduction in contiguous poor areas with special difficulties, to implement the spirit of the “Outline”, according to the requirements of the “Circular Concerning the Issuance of the ‘Local Party and Government Leaders to Be Transferred from the Relevant Ministries and Commissions of the Central and State Organs to Participate in Special Seminars’” (Zu Tong Zi [2011] No. 12) of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, since July 2011, we’ve successively organized six training courses for the party and government leaders of key counties of contiguous poor areas and the directors of poverty alleviation offices for 1234 person-times in Beijing, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hebei, Tibet, etc. 

　　（II）Hold high-level seminars for directors of provincial poverty alleviation offices to talk about key problem tacking for poverty reduction

　　From May 23 to 29, 2011, we held in Jiangxi the “High-level Seminar on Key Problem Tackling for Poverty Reduction in Contiguous Poor Areas with Special Difficulties Across the County” and a total of 60 people including the directors of poverty alleviation offices of 22 central and western provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). The seminar mainly talked about the key problem tackling for poverty alleviation in contiguous poor areas and the significance of the spirit of the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of CPC.

　　（III）Actively explore the holding of innovative training of young and middle-aged poverty alleviation backbones

　　From March to April 2011, we held in Beijing the fourth and fifth national training course for young and middle-aged poverty alleviation backbones. More hot issues were taken into account in the curriculum design, the forum topics are more practical, the exchange of experiences covered more aspects, the field research was more inspiring and the class management attached more importance to participation. A total of 120 people attended the two trainings, mainly the young and middle-aged backbones under 40 from poverty alleviation system recommended by the poverty alleviation offices of 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China.

　　II. Further improve the cadre training system                                               

　　（I）New progress was made in the development of cadre training materials

　　Set up cadre training material advisory board and editorial committee for poverty-stricken areas, completed the preparation of poverty alleviation cadre training material planning for the new stage and held a seminar on the poverty alleviation cadre training materials. Organized the preparation of the “’Outline for Development –oriented Poverty Reduction for China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020) Cadres Counseling Reading”, the “Preparation and Implementation of the Planning of Contiguous Poor Areas with Special Difficulties” and other cadre training materials.

　　（II）Strengthen research and improve training ideas

　　We carried out a series of research activities on nationwide poverty alleviation training systems, forming preliminary views on improving the poverty alleviation training system; summarized typical experience of poverty alleviation and development in ten provinces, including Guizhou, Guangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, etc, complied the poverty alleviation and development casebooks and studied and summarized valuable experience and models to further enrich the cadre training database.

　　（III）Conduct training cooperation

　　Cooperated with Shenzhen Managers' College in school running, held nine trainings for 490 person-times; strengthened the study of government-run participatory poverty alleviation projects jointly with Oxfam; and prepared the “Overview of China’s Poverty Alleviation” jointly with Peking University.

　　（IV）Strengthen teacher development

　　Hire outstanding part-time teachers of the relevant functional departments, universities, research institutes and the staff of the first line of poverty alleviation work, and gradually establish a professional training teacher library.

　　（V）Establish the evaluation mechanism

　　Constantly improve the mechanisms for the examination and evaluation of poverty alleviation cadre training effectiveness and quality. Continue the practice of timely assessment of training courses and leaders’ inspection and evaluation, and gradually establish the poverty alleviation and development cadre training quality and effect assessment methods and evaluation index system. Further improve the training incentive and restraint mechanisms. Take the enrollment management measures such as establishing student files and issuing certificates, establish communications with local organizational departments and gradually link the completion of training task with promotion, mobilizing the enthusiasm of the poverty alleviation cadres for training participation. 

　　(Department of Policy and Regulation, LGOP)

　　【Natural disaster response in impoverished regions】    First, provided guidance for poor areas to respond to natural disasters. To cope with the spring drought in Hebei, Shanxi, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi and Gansu in North China and Huanghuai Region, the Office of Emergency Management timely collected relevant information, analyzed the situation of the disaster areas, put forward suggestions to the leader and printed the “Notice on Effective Responding to the Drought” to provide guidance for the drought response.

　　Second, coordinated and guided the post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in Yushu and Zhouqu. We actively communicated with Qinghai Provincial Government and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, implemented the post-disaster reconstruction project in Yushu funded by China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation – Land Use and Project Approval of Jianietan Trade Market, guided the preparation of “Overall Planning for the Pilot Projects of Poverty Alleviation and Development and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Gongba River Basin of Zhouqu County” and provided guidance for the implementation of the planned projects.

　　Third, did a good job in capacity building of cadres for disaster responding. In 2011, we organized three seminars on the poverty alleviation and development and disaster response of impoverished areas, making the training work more systematic and more standardized, and organized the relevant experts to prepare the “Training Materials for Natural Disaster Responding in Impoverished Areas”.

　　Fourth, completed the writing of the analysis report on the disaster situation of poor areas. Through vertical and horizontal collection of disaster situation and comprehensive analysis, we completed the “Analysis Report on the Natural Disasters in Impoverished Areas in 2011”, providing an important reference for the allocation of financial anti-poverty funds from the central government and the effective responding to disasters in the future.

　　Fifth, organized the research of disaster response. We conducted the “research of the quick assessment mechanism for coping with natural disasters in impoverished areas” jointly with the relevant universities, forming the “Work Procedures for Natural Disaster Responding in Poor Areas” and the “Methods for Quick Assessment of Natural Disasters in Poor Areas”; and carried out the “Assessment and Study of the Effects of Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstruction of Impoverished Villages”, forming the “Monitoring and Assessment Report on Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstruction and Changes in Poverty Situation of Impoverished Villages”.

　　Sixth, compiled the “Records of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief · Records of Post-disaster Reconstruction” and the “Records of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief of LGOP”. According to the arrangements of the National Development and Reform Commission, from May to July, we organized the relevant comrades of the poverty alleviation departments of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu to compile the reconstruction book. Despite the limited time and a weak work basis, we successfully completed the task. After that, we organized relevant people to compile the “Records of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief of LGOP”.

　　(Department of Development and Guidance, LGOP)

　　【Review of the compilation of the “Records of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief · Records of Post-disaster Reconstruction”】

2011  is the crucial year for the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development to make a breakthrough in compiling the poverty alleviation part of the “Records of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief · Records of Post-disaster Reconstruction”. The codification can be divided into the following stages:

　　I.Organization and mobilization

　　The Party Leadership Group of the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development attaches great importance to the compilation work. The Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director-General of LGOP Fan Xiaojian gave clear instructions: “We must do this work through to the end to ensure the completion of the task”. Deputy Director-General of LGOP and Director-General of the Compilation Office Wang Guoliang successively presided over five special meetings to conduct research and make deployment for the work and put forward clear requirements on the progress and quality. Taking the compilation work as a key annual objective, the Department of Development and Guidance moved the compilation office from Sichuan to Beijing, strengthened the compiling team and appointed one deputy director-general to take charge of the work. Department Head Hai Bo successively went to Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi to make deployments for the data collection and compiling, and actively contacted the leaders of the poverty alleviation offices to promote the progress of the work.

　　On May 20, Deputy Director-General of the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development Wang Guoliang hosted in Chengdu the codification conference on the part of poverty alleviation of the “Records of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief · Records of Post-disaster Reconstruction”. Relevant principals of Department of Development and Guidance, LGOP and the poverty alleviation offices (bureaus) of Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi as well as the compilers of the book attended the meeting. The conference conveyed the spirit of the training course on the preparation of the “Records of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief · Records of Post-disaster Reconstruction” held in Chengdu by the National Development and Reform Commission from May 18 to 19, discussed the outline for the compilation of the poverty alleviation part of the “Records of Post-disaster Reconstruction” undertaken by poverty alleviation system, and decided to set up the Office for the Coordination of Local Records Compiling with Hai Bo, Director of Department of Development and Guidance as the head, participated by the relevant leaders of the poverty alleviation offices (bureaus) of Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi. It is mainly responsible for coordinating the compilation of the records of LGOP and the poverty alleviation offices (bureaus) of the three provinces.

　　II.First draft writing

　　After the Chengdu meeting held on May 20, according to the arrangement of LGOP leaders, Hai Bo, Director of Department of Development and Guidance selected 22 comrades from the three provinces’ poverty alleviation offices to work day and night, carry out data collection and supplementation work, conduct the compilation of non- diagram and photo data and the preparation of the first draft of clauses and events. After nearly one month of hard work, on June 25, we completed the compilation of 1430 pages of clauses with 1.4 million words, 230 pages of more than 300 events, 92 pictures and photos and the first draft of clauses of more than 120,000 words. On June 27, the LGOP held in Beijing the first draft review meeting and Deputy Director-General Wang Guoliang delivered a speech at the conference. Relevant leaders and experts of the National Development and Reform Commission, various departments and subordinates of LGOP as well as the three provinces’ poverty alleviation offices attended the event. The first draft was printed and issued to the departments, subordinates and parties concerned for comments before the meeting. The Compilation Committee revised the draft based on the feedback after the conference. On June 30, the pictures and photos as well as the non-picture data and first draft of clauses on poverty alleviation of the “Records of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief · Records of Post-disaster Reconstruction” were submitted to the Department of Western Region Development of NDRC, and for the second time, the revised draft was printed and issued to departments, subordinates and parties concerned for comments.

　　III.Draft revising for approval

　　On July 8, the poverty alleviation part of the “Records of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief · Records of Post-disaster Reconstruction” compiled by LGOP passed the preliminary examination of the compilation office. Official draft was required to be submitted by the end of July after further revisal. From July 12 to 20, the Department of Development and Guidance organized eight comrades from the three provinces involved in the preparation of the first draft to select pictures and photos, events and clauses based on the preliminary examination opinions of the National Development and Reform Commission and 200 comments of parties the  according to the procedure of “deletion, sorting out, screening and modification” and the theme of “active participation of poverty alleviation offices to promote the post-disaster reconstruction and give instructions for the scientific planning and careful implementation”, sort out the events and clauses according to the structure of “articles, chapters, sections and clauses” and the chronological order and carefully select the titles, and successfully completed the revisal of the first draft, forming the draft for approval. On July 21, the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development sent the electronic version of the draft respectively to the relevant editors of the compilation office for informal review and, for the third time, printed and issued the draft for approval to department concerned for comments. On July 22, the compilation office replied that the draft for approval submitted by LGOP “is of high quality and the compilation work is well done with good quality”. On July 27, the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development held the executive meeting and approved the “Records of Wenchuan Earthquake Relief · Records of Post-disaster Reconstruction” (draft for approval), and submitted it to the compilation office on July 30.

　　Generally speaking, in 2011, with the high attention paid by the compilation office of the reconstruction records, under the specific guidance of the national post-disaster reconstruction records compilation office, with joint efforts of parties concerned, we successfully completed the compilation work according to requirements and won praise of the parties concerned.

　　(Department of Development and Guidance, LGOP)

　　【Convergence of the two systems】 In 2011, local governments conscientiously implemented the spirit of the "Notice on the Effective Convergence of the Rural Minimum Living Security System and Poverty Alleviation and Development Policy" (Guo Ban Fa [2010] No. 31) (hereinafter referred to as the No. 31 Document of the General Office of the State Council). Based on the pilot work experience of Hunan and Chongqing and the pilot work of Jilin, Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Guangdong, Gansu and Qinghai, marked by the “four convergence” of Shaanxi, we made smooth progress in the pilot project construction and accumulated rich experience.

　　I.Explored the establishment of the working mechanism for the convergence of the two systems

　　According to No. 31 Document of the General Office of the State Council, the pilot work must be done based on the department cooperation to achieve the convergence of the two systems in procedures, policy and management. Local governments all made positive exploration and bold innovation in the pilot work. Based on the above three convergences, we increased the convergence of standards and size, forming a relatively sound working mechanism.

1. Convergence of standards and size. The mismatch between the poverty line and the subsistence standard and between the scale of poverty reduction objects and the scale of objects of the minimum living security system is the biggest problem encountered in the pilot work of the effective convergence of the two systems. Under the premise of encouragement of local poverty lines, Shaanxi and Guizhou achieved the implementation of unified standards for poverty reduction and subsistence allowance and one-time identification of the objects of poverty reduction and the minimum living security system, cracking this problem. Shaanxi Province clearly set the unified subsistence allowance standard and the poverty line of 1600 Yuan of rural per capita net income. As a result, the convergence of the size is also resolved. The province's poverty-stricken population size is determined jointly by the Bureau of Statistics, Rural Investigation Team and Poverty Alleviation Office after consultation, decomposed to the cities and counties based on the degrees of poverty. In the past, there were two standards, so four kinds of people needed to be identified: households enjoying the "five guarantees" services, households covered by the minimum living security system, objects of poverty reduction and the poverty reduction objects receiving subsistence allowance. After the standard was unified, we only need to identify three types of people: households enjoying the "five guarantees" services, households covered by the minimum living security system, and the poverty reduction objects receiving subsistence allowance. After that, through implementing the relevant support policies, we can meet the requirements of comprehensive implementation of pro-poor policies for low-income people. In such a way, our work becomes simple and the policy measures become clear.

2. Convergence of procedures. The pilot counties unified the schedule and procedures for the identification of objects of the minimum living security system and poverty reduction according to the spirit of No. 31 Document of the General office of the State Council. After initially identifying the low-income residents of towns and villages, the pilot villages will identify the objects through the procedure of graded announcement: farmers’ application – review by village (team) cadres – review by township government – review and approval by county government (department of poverty alleviation or civil affairs). In order to ensure the justice and fairness of democratic appraisal, and to prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon that attention is only paid to the rich, local governments created rich experience based on the actual situations. Jiangxi Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region developed the method of "five comparisons and five checks": Compare family income and check the source of revenue; compare household assets and check the level of consumption; compare family labor and check the concept of labor service; compare living environment and check the living conditions; and compare the degree of poverty and check the cause of poverty. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region put forward the principle of "five suspensions, eight exclusions and six priorities": suspensions for five kinds of families that fall into poverty due to laziness, family discord and lawlessness, or do not support the elderly and are insolent; exclusion of eight types of people, including those who disobey the family planning policy, disobey the Funeral Reform Ordinance, those who are luxury in wedding and funerals, choose schools for children, purchase commercial houses, purchase luxurious goods, hire others for production or own vehicles and large agricultural machinery tools; give priority to six types of families, namely the families lacking the basic production means, families in debts due to the lack of labor force, families in debts due to major diseases, families hit by disasters, widows and orphans and the families engaged in public welfare.

3. Policy convergence. Policy implementation is an important goal of the convergence of the two systems and the key to the success of the pilot work. If we cannot implement the support policy after identifying the poor, the work will be of little significance and we’ll lose the trust of the people. According to preliminary statistics, various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities allocated 2.31 billion Yuan of project funds for the identification of the poor in the pilot work. Chongqing allocated special funds for the development of featured industries by the identified objects of poverty reduction, the issuance of festival fee for needy families, the purchase of one TV set for each poor households without TV and the implementation of the anti-poverty project of “three enters, three together, and contacting the poor”. As a result, most of the identified poor households were supported. According to statistics, 70.3% of poverty reduction objects identified in Chongqing last year received relevant support; Hunan allocated 180 million Yuan of funds, accounting for about 50% of the first batch of central and provincial anti-poverty funds issued last year, to support the industrial development of poor households. According to statistics, 49.1% of the identified poor were supported. Guangdong Province implemented the “Shuangdao Project” – “planning for specific households and responsibility to individuals” to ensure all the identified poor will be supported. Shandong Province clarified that various sectors should cooperate with each other despite respective responsibility to implement the relief measures.

4. Management convergence. In the implementation of the pilot projects, various provinces actively explored methods for dynamic management of the poor and their information, and practiced dynamic management on the objects of the minimum living security system and poverty reduction to ensure the change in poverty reduction objects and the update of information. Relevant business departments in Hunan Province, jointly with the Bureau of Statistics and the Investigation Team, conducted monitoring of family income of the rural households of a certain number of villages in the pilot counties and adjusted the objects based on the monitoring results to ensure appropriate changes in the objects and subsidies. Through establishing a data-link port with the civil affairs department, Chongqing integrated the rural households’ information management system with the subsistence allowance receivers’ information system to ensure the exchange and synchronous update of relevant information.

　　II. Made clear the basic situation of the poor in pilot areas

　　Through the pilot work of effective convergence of two systems, we got the basic data of 949 counties in China, and the data of 571 counties and 116,000 villages have been entered into the poor rural households’ information management system, providing a reference for these places to target the poor and implement the pro-poor policy. The collection of the uploaded data also provides an important reference for the analysis of national poverty reduction work and the development of relevant policies.

　　First, made clear the size and composition of the poverty reduction targets. By the end of December 2010, in the 949 pilot counties, a total of 53.481 million poor residents living below the poverty line were identified, accounting for 15.6% of the total rural residents, of which 32.505 million people were objects of poverty reduction, accounting for 9.5%; 8.238 million people were objects of the minimum living security system, accounting for 2.4%; 11.467 million people were objects of both poverty reduction and the minimum living security system, accounting for 3.3%, and 1.38 million people were objects of the five-guarantee system, accounting for 0.4%. These data help us accurately understand the country's poverty-stricken population composition.

　　Second, understood the main causes of poverty. According to the data collected by the poor rural households’ information management system, among the causes of poverty, the lack of funds and production, long-term illness, the lack of labor force, the lack of technology, disability, disasters, schooling burden and other causes respectively accounted for 33.1%, 25.4%, 7.5%, 7%, 6%, 6.3%, 4.6% and 10.1%. These data help us take more targeted policy measures based on factors causing poverty.

　　Third, initially understood the basic needs of the poor. In the process of collecting information of the poor, various regions made clear which projects to support, the project size and the investment amount, providing a reference for the development of household support policy and the implementation of classified support.

　　III. Enriched the information platform for policy implementation

　　First, initially established the poor farmers’ information management system. In the expansion of pilot areas, we improved the poor farmers’ information management system and designed a stand-alone version and a network version. In order to ensure the normal operation of the system, in consultation with the State Information Center, we put the system on the national government extranet to facilitate the entry of poor farmers’ information and the inquiry of relevant departments.

　　Second, enriched the information content. In the implementation of the first batch of pilot projects, the system had only the information of impoverished rural households, including information of family members, poverty situation, needs of rural households and support situation. Now, we increased the administrative village registration form and the county registration form in the system so that we can better understand the basic situation, infrastructure situation, development status, production and living conditions, education, health and social security situation of administrative villages as well as the basic information and development status of counties.

　　Third, initially set up the work information platform. At present, the system has the information of 116,000 villages and 11,628,000 households, building a general work information platform for guiding resources of education, health, broadcasting, TV, housing construction and all circles of society to more towards the poor under the large-scale poverty alleviation pattern.

　　(Department of Policy and Regulation, LGOP）

　　【Anti-poverty funds and the management of anti-poverty funds】 2011 is the first year for the implementation of the “Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China’ Rural Areas (2011-2020)”. The central and provincial government further increased financial anti-poverty funds, took contiguous poor areas as the main battlefield for poverty reduction, developed competitive featured industries, made innovation to the mechanism for anti-poverty funds to reach the poor and standardized the use of poverty-relief funds to enhance the efficiency.

　　Stable growth of financial anti-poverty funds: In 2011, the central and provincial anti-poverty funds amounted to 37.3 billion Yuan, 7 billion Yuan more than that of the previous year, up 23.2%; of which: 27.2 billion Yuan was from the central government, 4.932 billion Yuan more, up 22.15%; 10.1 billion Yuan was from provincial government, 2.1 billion Yuan more, up 26.2%. In addition, the government actively expanded sources of anti-poverty funds and strived for central special lottery funds of 525 million Yuan.

　　Concentrated investment to highlight key areas: In accordance with the requirements of the "Outline", the government made overall arrangements for the use of various anti-poverty funds according to the planning for poverty alleviation and development, giving priority to key areas, key work and key objects of poverty reduction.

　　1．As for the investment areas, the anti-poverty funds were mainly issued to national contiguous poor areas with special difficulties, key counties and poor villages, giving priority to old revolutionary base area, minority regions and border areas. In 2011, 28.18 billion Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds were issued to contiguous poor areas and key counties by the central government and local governments at all levels, accounting for 70.9% of the total; 26.43 million Yuan was issued to poor villages, accounting for 66.9%. 20.65 billion Yuan of central anti-poverty funds was put in contiguous poor areas and key counties, accounting for 78.1% of the total anti-poverty funds invested by the central government.

　　2．As for the investment direction, the financial anti-poverty funds were mainly used to develop competitive featured industries and improve the basic production and living conditions of the poor. In accordance with the requirements of the “Outline”, local governments increased efforts on the development of competitive featured industries and further adjusted the investment structure. In 2011, 18.24 billion Yuan was directly used to promote the development of industry, accounting for 46.5% of the total, of which 13.09 billion Yuan was the financial anti-poverty funds from the central government, accounting for 49.5% of the total investment of the central government.

3. As for the key work supported by the funds, we continued to conduct entire village advancement of impoverished villages, capacity building, industrialization poverty reduction and immigration-based poverty alleviation. The anti-poverty funds were mainly used to develop competitive featured industries, enhance the self-development capacity of the poor and promote the key anti-poverty work. In 2011, 23.48 billion Yuan was used in entire village advancement, Rain Plan and relocation-based poverty reduction, accounting for 64.4% of the total.

　　4．Increased efforts on providing anti-poverty funds for specific households and made innovations to the support mechanism. To meet the requirements of the "Circular of the State Council's Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development on Full Implementation of Pro-poor Policies for Low-income Rural Population and Further Promoting Poverty Alleviation" (Guo Kai Fa〔2010〕No. 2 Document), local governments made full use of the results of the effective convergence of pro-poor policies and the rural minimum living security system and made positive progress in further increasing efforts and improving measures on household poverty reduction.

　　Innovate mechanisms to improve capital efficiency. To maximize the effect of financial anti-poverty funds, the government made positive exploration on the innovation of the mechanism for the use of anti-poverty funds.

　　1．Implemented pilot projects of mutual funds for poor villages and established the long-term mechanism for the use of financial anti-poverty funds. According to incomplete statistics, as of the end of 2011, the pilot projects had been implemented in 16300 poor villages of 1141 counties in 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country. A total of 3.306 billion Yuan of mutual funds was issued, of which 852 billion Yuan was anti-poverty funds from the central government, 1.757 billion Yuan was provincial anti-poverty funds and 697 million Yuan was farmers’ mutual funds. A total of 1.5206 million rural households participated in the mutual funds, accounting for 27.17% of the total rural households in the pilot villages, of which 850,100 were poor households, accounting for 55.91% of the total poor; a total of 4.622 billion Yuan of loans was issued, of which 2.481 billion Yuan was issued to the poor, accounting for 53.68% of the total; a total of 1.0868 million people obtained loans, of which 675,000 were poor farmers, accounting for 62.1% of the total. In order to further standardize the operating procedures and strengthen supervision, the LGOP and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "Circular on the Implementation of Pilot Projects of Mutual Funds for Poor Villages in 2011" and organized a cross-check on the use of mutual funds in the country in the period from mid-March to the end of April 2011. On the whole, the operation of mutual funds has become increasingly standardized, the management is more orderly, the risk awareness has been enhanced and the income of farmers has increased significantly. The mutual funds played a positive role in facilitating the loan obtaining of the farmers, especially the poor in poverty-stricken areas, welcomed by all levels of government and local residents.

　　2．Implemented entire village advancement and contiguous development based on local conditions and built the resource integration platform. Entire village advancement is an important way and carrier for new rural construction in poor areas. In accordance with the requirements of state for entire village advancement during the “12th Five-Year Plan” period and the "Opinions on Jointly Promoting Poverty Alleviation and Development by Entire Village Advancement" (Guo Kai Ban Fa [2008] No. 27 Document) jointly issued by 13 ministries and commissions, local governments increased efforts on resource integration through entire village advancement. According to incomplete statistics, in 2011, the ratio between integrated funds and financial anti-poverty funds was 1:1.7 and averagely 1.6 million Yuan was invested for each village.

　　On this basis, to explore approaches for the combination of entire village and contiguous development and the combination of poverty alleviation and development and regional economic growth, in 2011, LGOP and the Ministry of Finance continued to implement the pilot projects "with county as the unit through integration of resources, entire village advancement and contiguous development" in 100 counties. 5 million Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds were issued for each pilot county. Through integration of funds and policy and mechanism innovation, it attracted the agriculture-related funds of relevant departments to be invested in industrial development and supporting projects, which promoted the economic development of poverty-stricken areas and the stable income growth of poor rural households. The scale advantages of contiguous development established a platform for resource integration. In some places, the ratio of fund integration reached 1:10, which enhanced the level of investment in poverty alleviation and the proportion of industrial development as well.

　　3．Financial discount encouraged the issuance of anti-poverty loans and enhanced the multiplier effect of anti-poverty funds. 2012 is the fifth year for comprehensive reform of the management system for anti-poverty subsidized loans. Since the reform, the poverty targeting mechanism has become more effective, the proportion of the households receiving anti-poverty funds has been significantly enhanced and significant progress has been made in promoting the diversification of financial institutions and mobilizing the initiatives of local governments. In 2011, the central and local governments issued a total of discount funds of 1.31 billion Yuan, guided the issuance of 45.39 billion Yuan of loans respectively up 14.9% and 5.9%. The household loans and project loans were respectively 20.78 billion Yuan and 24.61 billion Yuan.

　　Strengthen supervision on the management of anti-poverty funds. Through various measures, it strived to establish a funding project follow-up and monitoring system featured prevention in advance, standardization in process and review after project implementation. Through combining sector supervision with the supervision by the masses and public opinion, it ensured the effective, safe and clean operation of anti-poverty fund projects.

　　1．Strengthen the system construction. Implement the requirements of the "Outline" for strengthening the management of the use of financial anti-poverty funds. The Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development revised and issued the “Measures for the Management of Financial Anti-poverty Funds” (Cai Nong [2011] No. 412) in November 2011 and put forward clear requirements for the improvement of the use of financial anti-poverty funds, the innovation of the mechanism for financial poverty alleviation and development and the strengthening of the supervision on the use of financial anti-poverty funds in the new stage.

　　2．Carry out performance evaluation。To urge the provinces to better implement the task of poverty reduction, and to regulate and strengthen the management of financial anti-poverty funds, the LGOP and the Ministry of Finance continued to conduct performance evaluation on 2010 anti-poverty funds of various provinces. The performance evaluation played a positive role in guiding local governments to strengthen the management of financial anti-poverty funds, regulating the use of anti-poverty funds, accelerating the allocation of anti-poverty funds and the implementation of projects, strengthening the management of financial anti-poverty funds and highlighting the efficiency of capital use.  

　　3．Cooperate with the National Audit Office of the People's Republic of China to carry out the audit of anti-poverty funds. In 2011, the National Audit Office of the People's Republic of China carried out an audit on the allocation, use and management of the special financial anti-poverty funds of the LGOP transferred from the central government. The LGOP actively cooperated with the the National Audit Office and, based on the self-examination, put forward relevant measures to further improve and strengthen the allocation, use and management of anti-poverty funds in accordance with the feedback of the National Audit Office. This audit played a positive role in system building for the use of anti-poverty funds and strengthening the consciousness of supervision.

　　4．Publicly announce the use of anti-poverty funds. Fully implement the announcement system for the use of anti-poverty funds to make the operation of poverty-relief funds receive public supervision. According to the requirements of the “Opinions of the Ministry of Finance on Further Promoting the Budget Announcement of Special Grassroots Financial Expenditure” (Cai Yu [2011] No. 27), based on the actual situation of the anti-poverty work, the LGOP issued the “Notice on Further Promoting the Announcement of Poverty-relief Fund Projects” and required that poverty alleviation departments at all levels should fully understand the importance of the announcement of poverty-relief fund projects, strengthen the use of anti-poverty funds and the announcement of project arrangements, further summarize experience, standardize the procedures, enrich the contents, broaden the channels and intensify the publicity.

　　5．Strengthen supervision and expand monitoring channels. Based on public participation, it combined audit and supervision closely with social supervision and mass supervision and gave full play to the role of financial, audit, discipline inspection and supervision sectors.

　　Generally speaking, the poverty-relief funds management system has been continuously improved, the use of anti-poverty funds has been further standardized and the regulatory measures have been constantly intensified. According to the main and spot checks on the use of anti-poverty funds conducted by the National Audit Office, State Council Office for Rectifying and the Supervision Office of the Ministry of Finance, the management of the anti-poverty funds is relatively standardized on the whole with obvious efficiency and has played an important role in improving the production and living conditions of impoverished regions, increasing the income of the poor and enhancing the development capacity.