Poverty Alleviation and Development in Jiangsu Province

　　【Overview】　Jiangsu provincial government has always attached great importance to the cause of poverty alleviation and development. Since the implementation of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", Jiangsu continued to take poverty alleviation and development as a major task to speed up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society and basically realizing of modernization and an important part of improving people's livelihood and constantly increased efforts on the work. It raised the poverty line to 2500 Yuan in 2008 and vigorously organized the poverty reduction projects. Various regions and departments cooperated with one another in reducing poverty among poor villages and households through integrating internal and external resources according to the deployments of the provincial government, forming a new situation of poverty alleviation characterized by great efforts, a large amount of investment, a strong atmosphere and good effects. As of the end of 2011, 95.8% of the province's 4.68 million rural poor people had basically shaken off poverty; 1011 provincial economically weak villages had basically achieved the goal of “eight possessions” (strong work teams, scientific planning, efficient farmland, specialized industry, supporting facilities, security mechanisms, clean villages and civilized local custom) and collective income of 50,000 Yuan. We completed the five-year poverty alleviation task in four years and basically eliminated absolute poverty. The province eliminated the poor living below the poverty line of 2500 Yuan one year ahead of schedule, which was one of the top new stories of Jiangsu.

　　In order to promote a new round of anti-poverty work, effectively implement the projects that help people shake off poverty and become well off and target at the objects of poverty reduction, since the second half of 2011, Jiangsu Province has organized sample surveys among ten thousand households of one villages, covering 192 villages and 119,600 households. The survey last for five months and we basically made clear the numbers and distribution of low-income rural households under different standards. The results show that 953,000 households and 2.733 million people of the province are low-income groups with annual net income of less than 3500 Yuan, accounting for 5.5% of the total rural residents; 1.488 million rural households and 4.716 million people are low-income groups with annual net income of less than 4000 Yuan, accounting for 9.5%; and 2.827 million households and 9.392 million people are low-income groups with annual net income of less than 5000 Yuan, accounting for 18.9%.

　　【Poverty reduction planning】  In accordance with the overall arrangements and requirements of the central government for poverty alleviation and development work, Jiangsu held two meetings of the Standing Committee of CPC Jiangsu Provincial Committee and one standing committee meeting of Jiangsu provincial government to study the implementation of anti-poverty work, formulated the "Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan of Jiangsu Province on Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development" and made deployments on the anti-poverty work in rural areas under the new situation. The guiding ideology of the new round of rural poverty alleviation and development in Jiangsu is: To thoroughly implement the scientific outlook on development, raise the standard of poverty alleviation, intensify the comprehensive inputs, take it as the main task to promote the income growth of low-income rural households, deepen and improve the work pattern linking provincial, municipal, county and township government with impoverished villages, deepen and improve the mechanism characterized by “five-party linkage” (linkage between various departments of the provincial authorities, ministry and provincial enterprises, universities and research institutes, the southern counties, cities and districts and the economically weak counties, cities and districts in the northern areas of Jiangsu) and “five one” (one poverty alleviation instructor in the village, one linked technology correspondent, one industrial and commercial enterprise for assistance, one rich village for counterpart support and one leading industry), boost the development of production, promote employment, social security and other policy measures, pay more attention to the transformation of patterns of development, pay more attention to human resource development, pay more attention to promoting the equalization of basic public services, pay more attention to the outstanding problems affecting development, and vigorously boost the sound and rapid economic and social development in economically weak regions. Direction positioning: Focus on consolidating the poverty reduction results, enhancing development capacity, reducing relative poverty and promoting the construction of a moderately prosperous society rather than providing adequate food and clothing and eliminating absolute poverty. Basic principles: Party and government-led hierarchical accountability; entire advancement by coordinated development; classification guidance while highlighting key points; mechanism innovation to enhance the vitality; departmental interaction to form joint force. Overall objective: From 2012 onwards, organize and implement the poverty reduction projects for building a moderately prosperous society, make the annual net income per capita of the low-income groups reach 4000 Yuan or local poverty line by 2015, provide adequate food and clothing for the poor and help them become well off. The per capita net income of the low-income groups is expected to be two or three percentage points higher than provincial average and the main indicators of the basic public services are expected to be close to national average. The economically weak villages identified by the cities and counties are expected to achieve the goal of “eight new possessions” (strong work teams loved by the masses, a scientific and reasonable development plan, high-yield efficient agricultural facilities, leading industries with distinctive characteristics, steady collective income, advanced practicable information network, healthy and positive civilized customs and clean living environment), and the level of economic and social development is expected to meet the requirements for building of a new socialist countryside. Key areas: Take the economically weak regions concentrated with low-income people in the northern part of Jiangsu, especially 12 key counties (districts) as the main battlefield of the new round of poverty alleviation and development, and concentrate efforts to make breakthroughs. Conduct contiguous development in Xinangang and Chengzihu District of Suqian City, detention basin of Huangdun Lake of Xuzhou, Shilianghe Reservoir of Lianyungang, Liulaozhuang region of Huaian City and the northern part of the irrigation canal of Huaiyan, and continue to implement preferential policy for the poverty alleviation and development in Huangqiao and Maoshan’s old revolutionary base areas.

　　【Fixed-point poverty alleviation】　Further improve the anti-poverty mechanism of “five-party linkage”. As of 2011, a total of 252 organs, enterprises and institutions, universities and research institutes as well as the counties, cities and districts in south area of Jiangsu were appointed to provide counterpart support for the key counties (cities, districts) in the north areas of the province. In January 2011, Chuzhou District (renamed Huaian district later) of Huaian City was identified to be another key county for poverty alleviation in the province. The province sent poverty alleviation work team to provide support for the anti-poverty work in the district. The key helping counties set up the coordination team for “five-party linkage” and held annual meetings to talk about the development of supporting program and the allocation of anti-poverty project funds. In 2011, the coordination team meeting determined the implementation of 871 poverty relief projects and invested a total of 1.284 billion Yuan of anti-poverty funds, including 192 million Yuan for 604 supporting projects. Since the implementation of key problem tackling for poverty reduction, the helping units have coordinated the investment of more than 5 billion Yuan. Meanwhile, the province further deepened the working mechanism for providing support for specific villages. As of 2011, a total of 1116 enterprises in the province had set up counterpart relationship with 1011 economically weak villages in various forms.

　　【Supporting plan for Xinangang District of Sihong County】  Jiangsu Provincial Party Secretary Luo Zhijun gave instructions in his field research in Xinangang District of Sihong County: “We should make Xinangang the bridgehead for the poverty reduction of Jiangsu and the demonstration zone for the poverty reduction in border areas between Jiangsu and Anhui”. In February 2011, the Provincial People's Congress included No. 1173 proposal of increasing efforts on poverty reduction of Xinangang in Sihong County during the 12th Five-Year Plan period into the top priorities for inspection. On July 25, the Provincial People's Congress held the meeting on the implementation of the proposal of increasing efforts on poverty reduction of Xinangang in Sihong County during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. Standing Member of the Provincial Party Committee and Vice Governor Huang Lixin and Deputy Director of the Provincial People's Congress Bo Suning attended the meeting, respectively delivered an important speech and put forward clear requirements for the supporting plan during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. In accordance with the requirements of the provincial leaders and the suggestion of the NPC members, Jiangsu Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office issued the “Planning for Supporting Xinangang Region of Sihong County during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period” jointly with Sihong County Party Committee and County Government in September.

　　【Investment of financial anti-poverty funds】In 2011, Jiangsu provincial government issued a total of 1.1 billion Yuan of anti-poverty funds for 25 counties (cities, districts) in the northern areas of the province assigned with the task of poverty reduction and implemented pro-poor measures for 415,000 impoverished rural households. In order to achieve the goal of “completing the five-year tasks in four years” in poverty reduction, the provincial government arranged 150,000 Yuan of industrial development funds for each of the 407 economically weak villages in the north areas that had not achieved the poverty reduction goals.

　　【Micro-credit for poverty alleviation】　Jiangsu Province started the implementation of microfinance policy for poverty alleviation in 1998 and the poverty alleviation offices, financial departments and rural credit cooperatives jointly organized the policy implementation. Under the leadership of county-level poverty-relief microcredit coordination team, the county poverty alleviation offices were responsible for preparation of the “name list of micro loan candidates” and the township credit cooperatives were responsible for independent investigation among the candidates and the loan issuance and recovery as well. In 2011, 2.867 billion Yuan of poverty-relief micro loans was issued, up 32.3%, benefiting 249,000 poor rural households and expanding the size and coverage of the funds. From 2008 to 2011, a total of 7.083 billion Yuan of micro loans was issued for poverty reduction.

　　【Pilot projects of mutual funds】  Follow the guideline of "serious implementation of pilot projects, active exploration and appropriate promotion for practical results", from September 21 to 22, the province held in Shuyang County a meeting on training for pilot work of anti-poverty mutual funds in the province. Deputy Director-general of the Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office Zhu Jilu put forward specific requirements on strengthening the management of anti-poverty mutual funds to ensure that the pilot projects will be successfully constructed and the funds will play a long-term role. As of 2011, Jiangsu increased 30 provincial pilot villages and 26 municipal pilot villages for mutual funds project. As of the end of 2011, the number of pilot villages for anti-poverty mutual funds project reached 135 and the amount of the mutual funds came to 53.295 million Yuan, including 24.594 million Yuan of contributed capital of rural households; 14768 rural households joined in the mutual –aid society, of which 7965 were poor households, accounting for 53.9%; a total of 83.094 million Yuan of loans was issued, of which 39.833 million Yuan was issued to the poor, accounting for 48% of the total, and the repayment rate reached 98%.

　　【Rain Plan】In accordance with the requirements of "taking advantage of our strengths for a large-scale market-oriented poverty alleviation based on accurate positioning", the province guided local governments to explore the establishment of unique training and employment patterns, cultivate a number of labor brands with county characteristics and improve the job skills of the poor in the labor market with “brand effects”. It issued the “Circular Concerning the Poor Labor Transfer and Training in Rural Areas”, assigned training tasks for various regions and required them to ensure that every poor rural family should have at least one labor receiving free skills training, targeting at unskilled labors, female labors, older labors and junior and senior middle school graduates. The province arranges 50 million Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds every year to subsidize the rural poor for job skills training, averagely 500 Yuan per person. In 2011, 70,200 poor labors received training, 112% of the scheduled task, 67,500 people found jobs and the rate of employment by labor transfer reached 96%. From 2008 to 2011, the province organized trainings for 459,000 poor labors, and the average employment rate reached 95%.

　　【Research and publicity of poverty reduction】  Jiangsu Province attached great importance to the research and publicity of poverty alleviation and development under the new situation and completed 16 comprehensive research reports in 2011, which played an important role in the decision-making of leadership. In 2011, the provincial poverty alleviation office submitted four research reports to the LGOP, namely the “Study on Sustainable Development of Anti-poverty Mutual Aid Society”, “How to Make the Income Growth Rate of Low-income Groups Above Provincial Average”, “Practice and Thinking of the Poverty Alleviation and Development in Surrounding Areas of Xinangang and Chengzihu” and the “Objectives and Tasks of Poverty Reduction for Common Prosperity in Jiangsu and the Countermeasures”. Among them, the “Study on Sustainable Development of Anti-poverty Mutual Aid Society” won 2011 First Prize for Excellent Research Report on Poverty Alleviation and Development issued by LGOP, and the report of “How to Make the Income Growth Rate of Low-income Groups Above Provincial Average” won the third prize. Deputy Head of the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development and Director-General of LGOP Fan Xiaojian made the following comments on the research report of “Study on Sustainable Development of Anti-poverty Mutual Aid Society”: This research report is indeed well written, covering detailed data, in-depth research, objective and persuasive analysis. But it needs to talk more about the fund rate and the amount of loans. Nevertheless, it is a good research report. We should advocate this style and atmosphere for research work to constantly improve the quality of cadres and lay a more solid foundation for the anti-poverty work. We should take the establishment of mutual funds as an important part of the anti-poverty work and continue to do a good job in this field”. After careful research, we formulated the “Outline for Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in the 12th Five-Year Plan Period” of Jiangsu Province and issued the Outline in the name of the provincial party committee and government. In 2011, we had 21 press releases and newsletters printed in the national and provincial media such as the "People's Daily" and "Xinhua Daily", edited and printed 60 “Briefings on Poverty Alleviation”, some of were written under the instructions of local government leaders, creating a good atmosphere for the anti-poverty work.

　　【Mechanism innovation for poverty alleviation】  First, the supporting mechanism of “five-party linkage” and “five one”. In 2011, a total of 88 provincial organs, 56 universities and research institutes, 72 large-scale enterprises under the ministries or provincial government and 28 counties (cities and districts) in the south part of Jiangsu provided counterpart support for 19 counties (cities and districts) in the north areas of the province. Second, endogenous development system. The province put a lot of effort on enhance the self-management level and self-development capacity of economically weak regions. Third, financial award and subsidy mechanism. The province set up a poverty reduction results-oriented financial award and subsidy system. At the end of every year, the counties issued the awards and subsidies after the assessment on poverty reduction effects. Fourth, financial poverty alleviation mechanism. Beginning in 2008, the specialized households and cooperative economic organizations of economically weak regions signed poverty reduction agreements with poor farmers. 5000 Yuan of micro loans can be applied when one poor household is lifted out of poverty, at most 50,000 Yuan. The total amount should be within 25%. The provincial government provided discount funds of 50% of the benchmark interest rate for the farmers who repaid the loans on time. Fifth, the mechanism for poverty alleviation by science and technology. The province organized the activity of “one thousand experts for one thousand villages” and the project of “poverty alleviation by science and technology and demonstration of one hundred villages”. As of the end of 2011, it allocated 20.8 million Yuan of special funds for 12 key counties and sent more than 4200 science and technology correspondents to support the implementation of 335 technical projects. Sixth, social security mechanism. The rural minimum living security system, the new rural cooperative medical system and the rural endowment insurance system achieved full coverage of rural residents in the province. Seventh, supervision and evaluation mechanism. At the end of every year, the relevant provincial departments set up a joint spot check group to conduct integrated assessment and review of the poverty alleviation and development work of various regions and issue a document to announce the data.

　　【Poverty alleviation achievements exhibition】 From June 10 to 15, 2011, the "Exhibition on China's Poverty Reduction Achievements in the New Century" was held in Beijing. Themed on "five-party linkage for poverty reduction", Jiangsu Pavilion displayed the remarkable achievements and basic experience of Jiangsu Province in the field of poverty alleviation and development in the form of display board, special program, touch screen and pictures. On June 10, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Vice Premier and Director of the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development Hui Liangyu attended the opening ceremony, visited Jiangsu Pavilion and fully affirmed the achievements made by Jiangsu Province in the field of poverty alleviation. He pointed out that “the northern areas of Jiangsu witnessed rapid development and great achievements were made in the anti-poverty work. You have made a great contribution”. LGOP issued to Jiangsu the "Organization Participation Award" of the “Exhibition on China’s Poverty Reduction Achievements in the New Century”.

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(Cx�#ent environment and the basic production and living conditions of the poor. The fifth batch of 750 poor villages has now 710 large and medium-sized farm machines. All the central villages are equipped with hardened roads and tap water, the infrastructure construction has been significantly strengthened, including the drainage and power supply facilities, cable TV, leisure and recreational activity venues, and the level of public services was obviously enhanced. Second, through vigorous implementation of intellectual poverty alleviation, entire village training, technical training, subsidy policy for junior and senior middle school graduates to receive senior vocational education and the training of leaders helping the poor become rich, the basic quality of the poor has been improved, the consciousness and initiatives of the poor for learning and using science and technology have been significantly enhanced, and a large number of farmer agents and leaders of breeding industry and labor transfer appeared. Third, through the implementation of security policy for poverty alleviation, we gave priority to impoverished regions in issuing social security policies and took the poor as the key targets of the social security to ensure that all elderly people can be supported, all the sick can get medical treatment, assistance will be provided for all the persons with difficulties and people’s basic living can be guaranteed. All the rural households meeting the conditions for receiving subsistence allowance in the poor villages covered by entire village advancement were covered by the minimum living security system. When the poor farmers who participated in the new rural cooperative medical system and the new rural social old-age insurance system could not afford the individual payments of the insurance, we would solve the problem with the anti-poverty funds, achieving full coverage of impoverished regions of the new rural cooperative medical system, the new rural social pension insurance and the rural minimum living security system.

 

　　Make innovations to mechanisms for standardized development. In 2011, according to changes in the situation of poverty alleviation and development, the province revised the “Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development Ordinance of Heilongjiang Province”. Based on changes in the connotations of poverty alleviation and development in the new era, it further improved the planning, fund and project management measures and increased the contents of planning formulation and implementation for contiguous poor areas with special difficulties and the system for withdrawal of key counties for poverty reduction. WE re-enacted the "Procedures for Entire Village Advancement for Poverty Alleviation and Development in Heilongjiang" and the "Methods for Acceptance of Entire Village Advancement for Poverty Alleviation and Development in Heilongjiang", raised the standards for entire village advancement and established the mechanism for poverty reduction of impoverished villages. In addition, we further improved Heilongjiang Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development Information Network and announced the village-level poverty alleviation and development planning, fund investment fields, project implementation and the name list of the poor on the website to receive public supervision for “Operations under Sunshine”, enhancing the transparency of our work.

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(Cx�#ly: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>【Pilot area of central special lottery ticket public welfare fund】  In August, Damao Banner of Baotou City got, as the first in Inner Mongolia, the qualification of implementation unit of the entire village advancement project in impoverished old revolutionary base areas with central special lottery ticket public welfare fund. The contiguous development project implemented in the old revolutionary base areas of Wuke Town in Damao Banner with lottery ticket public welfare funds involved 6180 households and 20384 people from ten administrative villages and 108 natural villages, covering the development of irrigable land, planting industry, aquaculture and infrastructure construction. The total project investment was 35.1 million Yuan. After the project implementation, there will be an annual increase of 10.75 million Yuan in the net revenue, including 9.53 million Yuan in the revenue of planting industry and 1.22 million Yuan in aquaculture, and an increase of 530 Yuan in per capita income.

 

　　【Poverty alleviation publicity】  Combined with the Exhibition on China’s Poverty Reduction Achievements in the New Century, the promulgation and implementation of the “Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020)” and the holding of central poverty relief work and Inner Mongolia’s work conference on poverty alleviation and development, making full use of the main media, web portals, poverty relief briefings and bulletin boards, Inner Mongolia vigorously publicized the main achievements and basic experience of the autonomous region in poverty alleviation and development and the state’s major decisions and deployments on the national and Inner Mongolia’s anti-poverty work and timely announced the progress made in anti-poverty work, creating a good atmosphere for the all society to concern about the cause of poverty alleviation and laying a good basis for social forces to participate in the anti-poverty work.

　　【Information monitoring center of poverty-stricken areas】 On April 30, the Organization Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region approved (Nei Ji Bian Fa [2011] No. 70) the Poverty Alleviation and Development Training Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was renamed the Information Monitoring Center of Impoverished Areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its main functions: To bear the responsibility of monitoring the region's poverty and anti-poverty work, relevant statistical data survey, acquisition and analysis; support relevant organs of the Poverty Alleviation Office of Inner Mongolia to carry out poverty-relief network and information construction and management in the autonomous region; organize trainings of cadres for poverty alleviation system and poor areas; and provide consulting services for poverty-relief projects, etc.                            

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(Cx�#t-kerning:0pt'>Through the implementation of the “bringing in and going out” policy, the state will renovate mechanisms and expand channels to enhance international anti-poverty communication. It will also learn international anti-poverty theory and practices, conduct cooperation on anti-poverty projects and share experience with other counties in a common effort to promote poverty reduction.

 

　　VIII. Policy Guarantee

32. Policy system

　　The state will improve its anti-poverty strategy and policy system, making it more effective in poor areas and for poor populations. The policy system will give play to the comprehensive benefits of special, industrial and social poverty alleviation efforts; integrate development-oriented poverty reduction projects with the social security system, and carry out impact assessment before initiating important policies and projects that might affect poverty reduction work.

33. Fiscal support

　　The central and local governments will increase their financial inputs to help impoverished people. The lion’s share of additional poverty reduction funding from the central budget will be used in contiguous areas with special difficulties. General transfer payments of central and provincial budget toward the poverty-stricken areas will be increased, as will the use of lottery proceeds for the purpose of poverty reduction. No tariff will be levied for state-approved domestic and foreign investment projects; foreign-funded competitive industry projects in Eastern and Central China; self-use equipment unable to be produced domestically; or technologies, accessories and spare parts imported alongside such equipment. If eligible, corporate donations to poor people can be deducted according to relevant tax regulations.

34. Favorable investment policies

　　The government will intensify input in terms of infrastructure construction, ecological environment improvement and welfare project development. It will build more village-level roads and develop agriculture comprehensively. It will also protect land resources and small river basins, control water and soil erosion, and develop hydropower in rural areas. The state-arranged projects for the consolidation of dangerous reservoirs, ecological construction, drinking water safety, supporting transformation in large irrigated areas and other public benefits projects will not receive supporting funds from government at or below county level nor government of contiguous areas with special difficulties in Western China. Governments at all levels should intensify investment support for contiguous areas with special difficulties.

35. Financial services

　　The state will continue to improve national anti-poverty discounted-interest loan policies in the following ways: actively promoting innovation of financial products and service modes in poverty-stricken areas, encouraging development of small-sum credit loans, and satisfying poor peoples’ need for funds to develop production. It will carry out anti-poverty loan projects for rehabilitation of the handicapped, enable coverage of poor areas by financial institutions and financial services, and guide civil loans to develop normally. It will also widen financing channels of poor areas and encourage financial institutions incorporated at county level in poor areas to make over 70% of their additional loans locally. The state will energetically develop insurance services in rural areas by urging insurance institutions to establish grass-roots service networks in poverty-stricken areas. It will also improve existing agriculture premium subsidy policies, inspire local communities to develop specialty agriculture insurance targeting specialty and leading industries of poor areas and strengthen the rural credit system.

36. Industrial support

　　The government will implement various industrial policies under the Western Development Project. Large-scale national projects, key projects and emerging industries should be arranged in favor of qualified poverty-stricken areas. Labor-intensive industries should be guided toward poor areas as well. Market development in poor areas should be reinforced. The state supports reasonable development and utilization of resources in poverty-stricken areas and will improve policies to support the development of specialty and competitive industries.

37. Land use

　　According to farmland protection and rural land utilization regulations, new land for construction should first be used to satisfy house-building requirements for those who are relocated from poor areas. The state will reasonably arrange land for construction in small towns and concentrated industrial parks, reclaim more land, favor eligible key counties in terms of project arrangement, and support poverty-stricken areas to exploit and utilize mineral resources in an eco-friendly and orderly way.

38. Ecological preservation

　　The state will continue to launch grain-to-green, pastureland-to-grassland, water and soil conservation, natural forest protection, and shelter forest construction projects as well as controlling desertification in Karst areas and other areas. An ecological compensation mechanism favoring poverty-stricken areas will be created and ecological compensation for key ecological function areas will be intensified. Protection of biodiversity in poor areas will be put high on the agenda.

39. Guarantee of talents

　　The government will organize personnel from the education, science, culture and health sectors and volunteers to work in poverty-stricken areas. It will also formulate policy encouraging institutions of higher learning, research institutions and medical institutions to nurture talents for poor areas. Government will guide college students to work or start business in poor areas, design incentive policies for officials who hold long-term posts in poor areas, and favor technicians of all sectors in terms of posts and job titles. It will show more care to officials who hold temporary posts in poor areas under targeted poverty reduction programs or the East-Help-West Program, making proper arrangements for their work and life so as to give full play to their advantages, engage with talents who start their own business in poverty reduction effort and give more training to officials and practical talents in poor areas.

40. Key groups on the development-oriented poverty reduction list

　　Having incorporated development-oriented poverty reduction program schemes for ethic minorities, women, children and the handicapped into its planning, the state will make unified arrangements for their implementation, give priority to their implementation when all conditions are equal and strengthen support for these groups. It will organize the implementation of a special program to revitalize border areas and enrich the local people and help smaller ethnic groups shake off poverty. It will promote women of poor households to participate in the activity of learning culture and technology, comparing performance and contribution, and will pay attention to those women and children who are left home in the countryside. The state will formulate and implement the Development-oriented Poverty Reduction Program for Disabled People in Rural Areas (2011-2020) to enhance their subsistence and development ability.

　　IX. Organizational Leadership

41. Reinforcing development-oriented poverty reduction responsibility

　　Adhering to the management system whereby the central government plans the project as a whole, provinces take overall responsibility and counties shoulder responsibility of implementation, the state will attach great importance to communities, villages and households in poverty alleviation and hold the leading officials of Party and government responsible for development-oriented poverty reduction endeavors. Party committees and governments at all levels should enhance awareness, intensify coordination functions of development-oriented leading groups, strengthen leadership and make unified arrangements. They should increase integration of province-county projects and resource arrangements to promote the accomplishment of various tasks. The government will further improve evaluation incentive mechanisms for Party and government officials as well as departments and key counties. Organizational departments at all levels should actively coordinate work in this regard. Provinces (municipalities directly under the central government) in Eastern areas will give intensified support to their poverty-stricken areas and poverty reduction project beneficiaries. The government will also encourage and support eligible areas to explore ways to settle poverty-related problems emerging during urbanization.

42. Strengthening construction of rural grass-roots organizations

　　The government will give full play to the impregnable role played by grass-roots Party organizations in poor areas and integrate development-oriented poverty reduction programing with grass-roots level organizational development. It will appoint strong leaders to villages and actively explore effective channels to develop collective economy and collective capital accumulation and find more ways to enrich rural residents. The state will encourage and select ideologically and morally advanced young officials, ex-servicemen, university graduates who are extremely capable and are willing to serve the people, to build leader teams, guide work groups and foster development in poor villages. Village officials who have done a great job in lifting poor villagers out of poverty will be given preference when applying for the civil service in accordance with relevant regulations and conditions.

43. Enhancing team building of poverty reduction institutions

　　Development-oriented leading groups at all levels should improve guidance for poverty reduction activities, study and design policy measures and coordinate the implementation of all tasks. Leading groups in provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) should report their work to the development-oriented poverty reduction program leading group of the State Council. The state will further strengthen anti-poverty institutions at all levels and their respective functions, enhance team building, improve working conditions and the quality of management. Deeply impoverished townships should have a special official responsible for development-oriented poverty alleviation. The training of county-level officials and above-county-level officials who work in anti-poverty departments should be included in the overall training plan of Party and government officials at all levels. Poverty reduction departments should enhance their ideological and moral standards, fight against corruption and improve efficiency and ability to execute.

44. Improving management of poverty reduction fund

　　Fiscal funds will be mainly earmarked to contiguous areas with special difficulties, key counties and poverty-stricken villages, to foster specialty and competitive industries, improve development capacity of poor people and their basic production and living condition, and to increase direct funding for households. Mechanism of direct funding for households will be innovated and multiple ways will be used to ensure effective support for the needy. Infrastructure construction projects that use poverty reduction funding should make sure that poor people benefit first. Anti-poverty projects by industries should be directed to lift poor households out of poverty. A public announcement system for poverty reduction funding will be promulgated, audit and monitoring functions will be strengthened, and monitoring channels will be widened to crack down embezzlement and corruption.

45. Enhancing anti-poverty research and publicity

　　The state will earnestly improve theory and policy research on anti-poverty issues, summarize anti-poverty practices systematically, and gradually develop increasingly sophisticated theory and policy with Chinese characteristics. It will conduct surveys to improve decision-making and implementation ability, include poverty reduction in basic education for civilians about national conditions, in official training and civil servants education and in school education. The government will continue publicizing poverty alleviation projects and informing people of policies, achievements, experiences and typical examples in this regard so as to create a favorable environment for anti-poverty activities. Meanwhile, it will also showcase to the international community our efforts and accomplishments in guaranteeing people’s right to live and develop.

46. Reinforcing statistics collection and monitoring of poverty reduction work

　　The state will establish a development-oriented poverty reduction program information system and monitor contiguous areas with special difficulties. It will improve its statistics and monitoring system; regularize data collection, collation, feedback and announcement; and make information on the current poverty  situation and trends known in a timely and objective way, so as to provide basis for scientific decision-making.

47. Enhancing building of the legal system

　　The government will accelerate lawmaking processes in order to provide a legal basis for poverty reduction.

48. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities that directly under the central government) shall design their respective implementation approaches in accordance with this outline.

49. The Leading Group Office of Poverty Reduction and Development of the State Council is responsible for coordinating and organizing implementation of this outline.