Poverty Alleviation and Development in Inner Mongolia

　　【Overview】  The party committee and government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region attach great importance to poverty alleviation and development work. For the sixth consecutive year, it included anti-poverty work in the Region's "Ten Livelihood Projects" and provided support for the work. On the Region's conference on poverty alleviation and development convened on December 29, 2011, the government put forward that we should take anti-poverty work as the primary livelihood project and mobilize all forces to get involved in a new round of poverty alleviation and development campaign, focusing on contiguous development, entire village advancement and relocation-based poverty alleviation, covering industrialization poverty alleviation, labor transfer training for poverty reduction, mutual funds projects, construction of old revolutionary base areas and autonomous banners, industrial and social poverty alleviation and poverty reduction by providing assistance and relief. By 2015, the per capita net income of the poor is expected to reach 3,000 Yuan and the number of objects of poverty reduction will be reduced by 1.5 million; By 2020, the per capita net income of the poor is expected to reach 6000 Yuan and all the 2.666 million of objects of poverty reduction will be lifted out of poverty. Inner Mongolia will take the lead to basically eliminate absolute poverty in the western regions and will strive to achieve the goal for 2020 ahead of schedule in 2017, the 70th anniversary of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

　　【Poverty line】  In 2011, Inner Mongolia set the new poverty line of 2600 Yuan in farming areas and 3100 Yuan for pasturing areas, respectively 1040 Yuan and 1300 Yuan more than the original poverty line of the region. Under the new poverty line, 2.666 million people live in poverty now in Inner Mongolia, accounting for 20% of the total rural residents in the region.

　　【Main battlefield of the anti-poverty work】 Inner Mongolia has determined that Xing’an League, Wulanchabu City, Chifeng City, Tongliao City, southwest of Xilin Gol League, Daqing Mountain area, (southern and northern foot of Yinshan Mountain) and three minority autonomous banners will be the main battlefield for the poverty alleviation in the future and developed comprehensive, targeted, differentiated preferential policies to give special support for these areas to develop leading industries, strengthen infrastructure construction and social development and promote industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. Among these regions, Xing’an League (Aershan City, Tuquan County, Horqin Right Middle Banner, Horqin Right Front Banner and Zhalaite Banner) and eight banners (counties, cities) of Wulanchabu City (Shangdu County, Huade County and Xinghe County) have been listed among national contiguous poor areas with special difficulties.

　　【Investment of anti-poverty funds】  In 2011, the central government and Inner Mongolia invested a total of 910 million Yuan of financial funds for the region’s poverty alleviation and development work, 190 million Yuan more than that in 2010, up 26.39%; of which, 720 million Yuan was from the central government, 120 million Yuan more than that in 2010, and 193.2 million Yuan was from Inner Mongolia government, 73.2 million Yuan more than that in 2010. Various leagues, cities, banners and counties also included anti-poverty funds into the fiscal budgets of all levels based on the economic development situation and the needs of poverty reduction work and, taking it as a system， constantly increased investment for anti-poverty work.

　　【Key counties for poverty alleviation】 In accordance with the principle of total number control, overall adjustment and dynamic management, Inner Mongolia re-identified 31 national key banners and counties and 26 local key banners and counties for poverty alleviation and development. The key counties for national poverty alleviation and development include: Aershan City, Tuquan County, Shangdu County, Horqin Right Middle Banner, Horqin Horqin Right Front Banner, Chahar Right Middle Banner, Zhalaite Banner, Huade County, Siziwang Banner, Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Wuchuan County, Alu Horqin Banner, Xinghe County, Chahar Right Back Banner, Zhuozi County, Horqin Left Middle Banner, Taipusi Banner, Aohan Banner, Horqin Left Back Banner, Kulun Banner, Chahar Right Front Banner, Naiman Banner, Weigniute Banner, Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Kelaqin Banner, Linxi County, Zhengxiang White Banner, Ningcheng County, Balin Left Banner, Balin Right Banner and Sonid Right Banner. The key counties for regional poverty alleviation and development include: Zhalantun City, Keshiketeng Banner, Wulanhaote City, Qingshuihe County, Zhalute Banner, Duolun County, Fengzhen City, Liangcheng County, Arong Banner, Songshan District of Chifeng City, Sunid Left Banner, Kailu County, Xianghuang Banner, Zhenglan Banner, Urad Middle Banner, Guyang County, Alxa Left Banner, Wuyuan County, Wulate Front Banner, Hangjin Banner,  Hangjin Back Banner, Dengkou County, Alxa Right Banner, Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Xinba'erhu Left Banner and Abaga Banner.

　　【Implementation of the new outline】  After the implementation of the “Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020)”, the Poverty Alleviation Office of Inner Mongolia actively carried out the publicity activities. On the basis of careful research and extensive solicitation of opinions, Inner Mongolia government developed the “Opinions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous on the Implementation of the ‘Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020)’” and matching plans for the division of labor, and determined that Inner Mongolia will mainly implement three major projects through taking six measures in the next decade. That is to say, it will conduct the anti-poverty work through the implementation of the poverty alleviation and development projects in contiguous poor areas with particular difficulties, entire village advancement project and relocation-based poverty reduction project, using six measures, namely industrialization poverty alleviation, labor transfer training, mutual funds, industrial poverty reduction, social poverty alleviation and relief measures. The introduction and implementation of the “Outline” played a positive role in achieving the goal of establishing a "trinity" pattern of large-scale poverty alleviation, speeding up the poverty reduction among the poor and eliminating absolute poverty by 2020.

　　【Entire village advancement】  Inner Mongolia allocated 298 million Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds to launch a new round of entire village advancement projects in 366 key poor Gacha villages, of which 140 are national key villages for entire village advancement and 226 are regional key villages for entire village advancement. More than 3 million Yuan was put I each Gacha village.

　　【Industrial poverty alleviation】  Inner Mongolia allocated 152 million Yuan of special funds for the poverty alleviation by industrialization. Based on the six leading industries of local areas, we mainly supported the development of village and household poverty reduction projects and the farming and featured industries that help the masses to shake off poverty.

　　【Contiguous development】 Inner Mongolia allocated 75 million Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds and organized the implementation of 15 pilot projects of contiguous development launched in 2010.

　　【Pilot project of village-level mutual funds】  It expanded the pilot area of mutual funds in impoverished Gacha villages, invested 43 million Yuan to carry out pilot projects of village-level mutual funds in 239 key Gacha villages, almost the total investment put in during the “11th Five-Year Plan” period.

　　【Poverty alleviation training】  Inner Mongolia issued 20 million Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds to organize vocational skills and practical technical trainings for 20,000 poor labors in rural areas and allocated 2 million Yuan for the cadre trainings of poverty alleviation system and impoverished regions. Meanwhile, it held 13 various trainings for 1530 people.

　　【Relocation for poverty alleviation】  Inner Mongolia arranged 110 million Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds to launch the 7th relocation program - 55 poverty-relief relocation projects in 53 banners, counties and districts.

　　【Construction of old revolutionary base areas】  Inner Mongolia allocated 36 million Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds to support the poverty-relief project construction in old revolutionary base areas and minority areas, and strived for central lottery funds to support the pilot project of entire village advancement in old revolutionary base areas of Damao Banner, achieving the zero breakthrough of central lottery fund projects.

　　【Convergence of two systems】 We launched the pilot work of effective convergence of “two systems” in 57 national and regional key counties for poverty reduction. After the video kick-off conference held by Inner Mongolia government on April 21, the pilot areas all set up relevant work agencies, developed the work programs and arranged special funds and relevant personnel to actively start the work. The banners, counties and districts of Chifeng City, Wuhai City and Alxa League not covered by the pilot area this time also launched the pilot work. As of the end of 2011, we set up database files on the households covered by the minimum living security system and anti-poverty work in the key counties and implemented dynamic management on them.

　　【Management of anti-poverty funds】 The government carried out the activity of the “Year for Promoting the Scientific Management of Poverty Alleviation Projects” in the autonomous region, standardized the project approval procedures, comprehensively practiced the publicity system for anti-poverty fund projects and earnestly implemented the poverty alleviation fund reimbursement system. Taking project Gacha villages as a platform, we carried out the pilot work of integrating anti-poverty funds, conducted internal integration of the funds for entire village advancement, industrialization poverty alleviation and mutual funds, used the entire village advancement funds for the construction of production facilities and infrastructure, used industrialization funds to support leading industries and mutual funds to address the financial difficulties for the poor to develop production, making the funds compensate each other. At the same time, we carried out the demonstration projects of entire town advancement by industrialization and the integration of industrialization funds for relocation, developed a scientific, standardized system for the allocation of funds and, based on the annual budget funds, arranged the anti-poverty projects in advance for next year, solving the problem of slow project implementation due to delay of fund issuance. In addition, we initially set up the system for monitoring and acceptance of anti-poverty fund projects, strengthened the follow-up project management, carried out inspection and supervision of poverty-relief funds and the comprehensive assessment of anti-poverty work of various Leagues, cities, banners and counties, and took the assessment results as an important basis for the fund allocation and project arrangement of next year.

　　【Industry poverty alleviation】  We actively urged the institutions and enterprises directly under the central government to expand the scale of fixed-point poverty alleviation and increase efforts on the anti-poverty work. 22 state organs were appointed to provide counterpart support for 26 key banners and counties for national poverty alleviation and development and invested more than 10 million Yuan of anti-poverty funds and materials. The institutions and enterprises directly under Inner Mongolia government made steady progress in the second-phase counterpart support for Xing’an League and developed the “2011-2015 Implementation Plan of the Institutions and Enterprises Directly under Inner Mongolia Government for Counterpart Support for Impoverished Gacha Villages of Xing’an League”. In order to achieve the “226” objectives (implement two projects: strengthening infrastructure construction for agriculture and animal husbandry and cultivating leading industries; Strengthen two bases: the basis for grass-roots party organizations and specialized cooperative organizations, and the quality of farmers and herdsmen; Promote the work of "Six Accesses to Rural Households": Water, electricity, gas, radio and television, the village governance and cultural activity and health room for farmers), 105 department and bureau units in the region invested 66.5465 million Yuan of special funds for the twinned poor areas and 25.405 million Yuan of anti-poverty funds for relevant banners and counties to improve the production and living conditions of poverty-stricken Gacha villages and increase the income of farmers and herdsmen. 19 departments and bureaus supported Oroqen Autonomous Banner and Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner to achieve substantive results in poverty work, implemented 158 anti-poverty projects and with an investment of 604 million Yuan, promoting the economic and social development of the two banners.

　　【Social poverty alleviation】  Social poverty alleviation work was done in various areas and the system for counterpart support and cadre contacts was set up in key Gacha villages. Hohhot City, Baotou City, Tongliao City, Bayanzhuoer City and Hulun Buir City detailed work goals, implemented the relief responsibilities and achieved outstanding results. Ordos City achieved good results in providing counterpart for Xing’an League, and the poverty reduction cooperation between Beijing and Inner Mongolia was further deepened. Inner Mongolia mobilized all circles of society to provide counterpart support for relevant poor villages and households and actively explored approaches and means for private enterprises and non-government organizations to get involved in the anti-poverty work.

　　【Fixed-point poverty alleviation】  Poverty Alleviation Office of Inner Mongolia invested 2.9 million Yuan to support Jinsha Gacha Village of Zhalaite Banner, Xing’an League, purchased 17 tons of mulching film for corn planting in a land of 3400 mu, achieving an increase of 400 jin in production per mu and an increase of 1.4 million Yuan in the income of the herdsmen in Gacha villages; newly dug 29 electromechanical wells for the water-saving irrigation of arid farmland of 3000 mu to ensure an increase in production; purchased 68 heads of fattening cattle to gradually develop fattening cattle industry; purchased harvesters, forage grass grinders, excavators, tractors and other agricultural machinery tools for the herdsmen in Gachi villages; rebuilt one brick kiln to increase the collective income of Gachi; invested 300,000 Yuan to set up the mutual fund cooperatives and solve the loan problem of the poor for production.

　　【Activities of excelling in performance】 On February 28, the Party Branch of the Department of International Cooperation and Social Poverty Alleviation of LGOP and the party committee of Poverty Alleviation Office of Inner Mongolia held in Hohhot the launching ceremony of the activities of excelling in performance. The two sides signed the agreement on the work and held seminars on specific work of the activities. The activities are important carriers for promoting the construction of a learning party, vivid practices of excelling in performance, useful exploration of strengthening Party building under the new situation and an important platform for poverty reduction by party building and party building by poverty alleviation, having a great significance to the party building, anti-poverty work and cadre team building in the new stage.

　　【Poverty alleviation and development achievements exhibition】  The “Exhibition on China’s Poverty Reduction Achievements in the New Century” jointly sponsored by LGOP and other state ministries and provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) was opened in Beijing on June 10. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region had a separate booth in the local exhibition museum to display the brilliant achievements made by Inner Mongolia in poverty alleviation and development in the past decade. Poverty Alleviation Office of Inner Mongolia was titled as the Advanced Collective of the “Exhibition on China’s Poverty Reduction Achievements in the New Century” and won the Collaboration Contribution Award.

　　【Pilot area of central special lottery ticket public welfare fund】  In August, Damao Banner of Baotou City got, as the first in Inner Mongolia, the qualification of implementation unit of the entire village advancement project in impoverished old revolutionary base areas with central special lottery ticket public welfare fund. The contiguous development project implemented in the old revolutionary base areas of Wuke Town in Damao Banner with lottery ticket public welfare funds involved 6180 households and 20384 people from ten administrative villages and 108 natural villages, covering the development of irrigable land, planting industry, aquaculture and infrastructure construction. The total project investment was 35.1 million Yuan. After the project implementation, there will be an annual increase of 10.75 million Yuan in the net revenue, including 9.53 million Yuan in the revenue of planting industry and 1.22 million Yuan in aquaculture, and an increase of 530 Yuan in per capita income.

　　【Poverty alleviation publicity】  Combined with the Exhibition on China’s Poverty Reduction Achievements in the New Century, the promulgation and implementation of the “Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020)” and the holding of central poverty relief work and Inner Mongolia’s work conference on poverty alleviation and development, making full use of the main media, web portals, poverty relief briefings and bulletin boards, Inner Mongolia vigorously publicized the main achievements and basic experience of the autonomous region in poverty alleviation and development and the state’s major decisions and deployments on the national and Inner Mongolia’s anti-poverty work and timely announced the progress made in anti-poverty work, creating a good atmosphere for the all society to concern about the cause of poverty alleviation and laying a good basis for social forces to participate in the anti-poverty work.

　　【Information monitoring center of poverty-stricken areas】 On April 30, the Organization Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region approved (Nei Ji Bian Fa [2011] No. 70) the Poverty Alleviation and Development Training Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was renamed the Information Monitoring Center of Impoverished Areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its main functions: To bear the responsibility of monitoring the region's poverty and anti-poverty work, relevant statistical data survey, acquisition and analysis; support relevant organs of the Poverty Alleviation Office of Inner Mongolia to carry out poverty-relief network and information construction and management in the autonomous region; organize trainings of cadres for poverty alleviation system and poor areas; and provide consulting services for poverty-relief projects, etc.                            

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(Cx�#t-kerning:0pt'>Through the implementation of the “bringing in and going out” policy, the state will renovate mechanisms and expand channels to enhance international anti-poverty communication. It will also learn international anti-poverty theory and practices, conduct cooperation on anti-poverty projects and share experience with other counties in a common effort to promote poverty reduction.

 

　　VIII. Policy Guarantee

32. Policy system

　　The state will improve its anti-poverty strategy and policy system, making it more effective in poor areas and for poor populations. The policy system will give play to the comprehensive benefits of special, industrial and social poverty alleviation efforts; integrate development-oriented poverty reduction projects with the social security system, and carry out impact assessment before initiating important policies and projects that might affect poverty reduction work.

33. Fiscal support

　　The central and local governments will increase their financial inputs to help impoverished people. The lion’s share of additional poverty reduction funding from the central budget will be used in contiguous areas with special difficulties. General transfer payments of central and provincial budget toward the poverty-stricken areas will be increased, as will the use of lottery proceeds for the purpose of poverty reduction. No tariff will be levied for state-approved domestic and foreign investment projects; foreign-funded competitive industry projects in Eastern and Central China; self-use equipment unable to be produced domestically; or technologies, accessories and spare parts imported alongside such equipment. If eligible, corporate donations to poor people can be deducted according to relevant tax regulations.

34. Favorable investment policies

　　The government will intensify input in terms of infrastructure construction, ecological environment improvement and welfare project development. It will build more village-level roads and develop agriculture comprehensively. It will also protect land resources and small river basins, control water and soil erosion, and develop hydropower in rural areas. The state-arranged projects for the consolidation of dangerous reservoirs, ecological construction, drinking water safety, supporting transformation in large irrigated areas and other public benefits projects will not receive supporting funds from government at or below county level nor government of contiguous areas with special difficulties in Western China. Governments at all levels should intensify investment support for contiguous areas with special difficulties.

35. Financial services

　　The state will continue to improve national anti-poverty discounted-interest loan policies in the following ways: actively promoting innovation of financial products and service modes in poverty-stricken areas, encouraging development of small-sum credit loans, and satisfying poor peoples’ need for funds to develop production. It will carry out anti-poverty loan projects for rehabilitation of the handicapped, enable coverage of poor areas by financial institutions and financial services, and guide civil loans to develop normally. It will also widen financing channels of poor areas and encourage financial institutions incorporated at county level in poor areas to make over 70% of their additional loans locally. The state will energetically develop insurance services in rural areas by urging insurance institutions to establish grass-roots service networks in poverty-stricken areas. It will also improve existing agriculture premium subsidy policies, inspire local communities to develop specialty agriculture insurance targeting specialty and leading industries of poor areas and strengthen the rural credit system.

36. Industrial support

　　The government will implement various industrial policies under the Western Development Project. Large-scale national projects, key projects and emerging industries should be arranged in favor of qualified poverty-stricken areas. Labor-intensive industries should be guided toward poor areas as well. Market development in poor areas should be reinforced. The state supports reasonable development and utilization of resources in poverty-stricken areas and will improve policies to support the development of specialty and competitive industries.

37. Land use

　　According to farmland protection and rural land utilization regulations, new land for construction should first be used to satisfy house-building requirements for those who are relocated from poor areas. The state will reasonably arrange land for construction in small towns and concentrated industrial parks, reclaim more land, favor eligible key counties in terms of project arrangement, and support poverty-stricken areas to exploit and utilize mineral resources in an eco-friendly and orderly way.

38. Ecological preservation

　　The state will continue to launch grain-to-green, pastureland-to-grassland, water and soil conservation, natural forest protection, and shelter forest construction projects as well as controlling desertification in Karst areas and other areas. An ecological compensation mechanism favoring poverty-stricken areas will be created and ecological compensation for key ecological function areas will be intensified. Protection of biodiversity in poor areas will be put high on the agenda.

39. Guarantee of talents

　　The government will organize personnel from the education, science, culture and health sectors and volunteers to work in poverty-stricken areas. It will also formulate policy encouraging institutions of higher learning, research institutions and medical institutions to nurture talents for poor areas. Government will guide college students to work or start business in poor areas, design incentive policies for officials who hold long-term posts in poor areas, and favor technicians of all sectors in terms of posts and job titles. It will show more care to officials who hold temporary posts in poor areas under targeted poverty reduction programs or the East-Help-West Program, making proper arrangements for their work and life so as to give full play to their advantages, engage with talents who start their own business in poverty reduction effort and give more training to officials and practical talents in poor areas.

40. Key groups on the development-oriented poverty reduction list

　　Having incorporated development-oriented poverty reduction program schemes for ethic minorities, women, children and the handicapped into its planning, the state will make unified arrangements for their implementation, give priority to their implementation when all conditions are equal and strengthen support for these groups. It will organize the implementation of a special program to revitalize border areas and enrich the local people and help smaller ethnic groups shake off poverty. It will promote women of poor households to participate in the activity of learning culture and technology, comparing performance and contribution, and will pay attention to those women and children who are left home in the countryside. The state will formulate and implement the Development-oriented Poverty Reduction Program for Disabled People in Rural Areas (2011-2020) to enhance their subsistence and development ability.

　　IX. Organizational Leadership

41. Reinforcing development-oriented poverty reduction responsibility

　　Adhering to the management system whereby the central government plans the project as a whole, provinces take overall responsibility and counties shoulder responsibility of implementation, the state will attach great importance to communities, villages and households in poverty alleviation and hold the leading officials of Party and government responsible for development-oriented poverty reduction endeavors. Party committees and governments at all levels should enhance awareness, intensify coordination functions of development-oriented leading groups, strengthen leadership and make unified arrangements. They should increase integration of province-county projects and resource arrangements to promote the accomplishment of various tasks. The government will further improve evaluation incentive mechanisms for Party and government officials as well as departments and key counties. Organizational departments at all levels should actively coordinate work in this regard. Provinces (municipalities directly under the central government) in Eastern areas will give intensified support to their poverty-stricken areas and poverty reduction project beneficiaries. The government will also encourage and support eligible areas to explore ways to settle poverty-related problems emerging during urbanization.

42. Strengthening construction of rural grass-roots organizations

　　The government will give full play to the impregnable role played by grass-roots Party organizations in poor areas and integrate development-oriented poverty reduction programing with grass-roots level organizational development. It will appoint strong leaders to villages and actively explore effective channels to develop collective economy and collective capital accumulation and find more ways to enrich rural residents. The state will encourage and select ideologically and morally advanced young officials, ex-servicemen, university graduates who are extremely capable and are willing to serve the people, to build leader teams, guide work groups and foster development in poor villages. Village officials who have done a great job in lifting poor villagers out of poverty will be given preference when applying for the civil service in accordance with relevant regulations and conditions.

43. Enhancing team building of poverty reduction institutions

　　Development-oriented leading groups at all levels should improve guidance for poverty reduction activities, study and design policy measures and coordinate the implementation of all tasks. Leading groups in provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) should report their work to the development-oriented poverty reduction program leading group of the State Council. The state will further strengthen anti-poverty institutions at all levels and their respective functions, enhance team building, improve working conditions and the quality of management. Deeply impoverished townships should have a special official responsible for development-oriented poverty alleviation. The training of county-level officials and above-county-level officials who work in anti-poverty departments should be included in the overall training plan of Party and government officials at all levels. Poverty reduction departments should enhance their ideological and moral standards, fight against corruption and improve efficiency and ability to execute.

44. Improving management of poverty reduction fund

　　Fiscal funds will be mainly earmarked to contiguous areas with special difficulties, key counties and poverty-stricken villages, to foster specialty and competitive industries, improve development capacity of poor people and their basic production and living condition, and to increase direct funding for households. Mechanism of direct funding for households will be innovated and multiple ways will be used to ensure effective support for the needy. Infrastructure construction projects that use poverty reduction funding should make sure that poor people benefit first. Anti-poverty projects by industries should be directed to lift poor households out of poverty. A public announcement system for poverty reduction funding will be promulgated, audit and monitoring functions will be strengthened, and monitoring channels will be widened to crack down embezzlement and corruption.

45. Enhancing anti-poverty research and publicity

　　The state will earnestly improve theory and policy research on anti-poverty issues, summarize anti-poverty practices systematically, and gradually develop increasingly sophisticated theory and policy with Chinese characteristics. It will conduct surveys to improve decision-making and implementation ability, include poverty reduction in basic education for civilians about national conditions, in official training and civil servants education and in school education. The government will continue publicizing poverty alleviation projects and informing people of policies, achievements, experiences and typical examples in this regard so as to create a favorable environment for anti-poverty activities. Meanwhile, it will also showcase to the international community our efforts and accomplishments in guaranteeing people’s right to live and develop.

46. Reinforcing statistics collection and monitoring of poverty reduction work

　　The state will establish a development-oriented poverty reduction program information system and monitor contiguous areas with special difficulties. It will improve its statistics and monitoring system; regularize data collection, collation, feedback and announcement; and make information on the current poverty  situation and trends known in a timely and objective way, so as to provide basis for scientific decision-making.

47. Enhancing building of the legal system

　　The government will accelerate lawmaking processes in order to provide a legal basis for poverty reduction.

48. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities that directly under the central government) shall design their respective implementation approaches in accordance with this outline.

49. The Leading Group Office of Poverty Reduction and Development of the State Council is responsible for coordinating and organizing implementation of this outline.